{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T20:35:35Z","timestamp":1771014935817,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BK20131334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20131334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JAAS2024-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JAAS2024-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science","award":["BK20131334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20131334"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science","award":["JAAS2024-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JAAS2024-6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) recombinant vector vaccines are widely used in the poultry industry. However, due to limitations in loading multiple foreign antigens into a single HVT vector, other viral vectors are urgently needed. Since chickens lack maternal immunity to duck enteritis virus (DEV), vector vaccines using DEV as a backbone are currently under study. Even though a recently developed DEV vector vaccine expressing the influenza hemagglutinin H5 of highly pathogenic avian influenza (DEV-H5) induces highly detectable anti-HA antibodies, safety issues hamper further vaccine development. In this work, tissue affinity and horizontal transmission in 1-day-old chickens were systematically evaluated after DEV-H5 vector vaccine inoculation. Sixty percent of DEV-H5-inoculated chickens died between day 2 and day 7 post-inoculation. The displayed clinical signs consisted of lethargy, anorexia, and diarrhea, and virus was shed in feces. Gross and\/or histological lesions were recorded in the kidney, heart, intestine, liver, lung, and spleen. Moreover, DEV-H5 replication in intestinal cells caused an increment in interferon-\u03b1 expression, while occluding junction proteins and ZO-1 expression were significantly upregulated. As a control, birds inoculated with a commercial recombinant turkey herpesvirus expressing the VP2 protein of the infectious bursal disease virus (HVT-VP2) vector vaccine showed neither clinical signs nor mortality. Overall, while the HVT-VP2 vaccine demonstrated complete safety in 1-day-old chickens, our potential DEV-H5 vaccine requires further attenuation for consideration as a vector vaccine candidate in chickens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16111681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T04:51:33Z","timestamp":1730177493000},"page":"1681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of Tissue Tropism and Horizontal Transmission of a Duck Enteritis Virus Vectored Vaccine in One-Day-Old Chicken"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0747-1046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yassin","family":"Abdulrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Sciences, Nyala University, Nyala P.O. Box 155, South Darfur, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Shandong, Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linggou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saisai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1328-2695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt","family":"Kaufer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Robert von Ostertag-Stra\u00dfe 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Damiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioqu\u00edmica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5502, Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Medicina y Biolog\u00eda Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (IMBECU-CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kehe","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jichun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086-65.3.438","article-title":"Review of Poultry Recombinant Vector Vaccines","volume":"65","author":"Hein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Tian, J., Zhao, J., Zhao, Y., Yang, H., and Zhang, G. (2024). Current Status of Poultry Recombinant Virus Vector Vaccine Development. Vaccines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12060630"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2011.631983","article-title":"Protection induced by commercially available live-attenuated and recombinant viral vector vaccines against infectious laryngotracheitis virus in broiler chickens","volume":"41","author":"Vagnozzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(95)00242-S","article-title":"Protective efficacy of a recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys as an in ovo vaccine against Newcastle and Marek\u2019s diseases in specific-pathogen-free chickens","volume":"14","author":"Reddy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.01.004","article-title":"Recombinant turkey herpesvirus expressing H9 hemagglutinin providing protection against H9N2 avian influenza","volume":"529","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2017.1298885","article-title":"Duck virus enteritis (duck plague)\u2014A comprehensive update","volume":"37","author":"Dhama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-019-00206-1","article-title":"Optimized Expression of Duck Tembusu Virus E Gene Delivered by a Vectored Duck Enteritis Virus In Vitro","volume":"61","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-015-0354-9","article-title":"Construction of a recombinant duck enteritis virus (DEV) expressing hemagglutinin of H5N1 avian influenza virus based on an infectious clone of DEV vaccine strain and evaluation of its efficacy in ducks and chickens","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/nri888","article-title":"Viruses and interferon: A fight for supremacy","volume":"2","author":"Katze","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102365","article-title":"Duck plague virus infection alter the microbiota composition and intestinal functional activity in Muscovy ducks","volume":"102","author":"Kong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"71","article-title":"An improvement of the 2\u02c6(-delta delta CT) method for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data analysis","volume":"3","author":"Rao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biostat. Bioinform. Biomath."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.10.094","article-title":"Field efficacy trial of a novel HVT-IBD vector vaccine for 1-day-old broilers","volume":"27","author":"Dancer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong, J., Feng, K., Zhao, Q., Chen, Y., Wang, J., Chen, S., Shao, G., Liao, L., Li, Y., and Xie, Z. (2022). Pathogenicity and transmissibility studies on live attenuated duck enteritis virus vaccine in non-target species. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.979368"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2008.08.027","article-title":"Cytokine regulation of tight junctions","volume":"1788","author":"Capaldo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11937","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00942-07","article-title":"Astrovirus increases epithelial barrier permeability independently of viral replication","volume":"81","author":"Moser","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06613.x","article-title":"Tight junctions on the move: Molecular mechanisms for epithelial barrier regulation","volume":"1258","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.03.003","article-title":"Recombinant duck enteritis viruses expressing major structural proteins of the infectious bronchitis virus provide protection against infectious bronchitis in chickens","volume":"130","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1637\/11415-040116-Reg.1","article-title":"Efficacy of Various HVT Vaccines (Conventional and Recombinant) Against Marek\u2019s Disease in Broiler Chickens: Effect of Dose and Age of Vaccination","volume":"60","author":"Gimeno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew042","article-title":"Efficacy of HVT-IBD vector vaccine compared to attenuated live vaccine using in-ovo vaccination against a Korean very virulent IBDV in commercial broiler chickens","volume":"95","author":"Roh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2007.04.017","article-title":"Use of a vectored vaccine against infectious bursal disease of chickens in the face of high-titred maternally derived antibody","volume":"137","author":"Bublot","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.12.028","article-title":"Vaccine protection of chickens against antigenically diverse H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza isolates with a live HVT vector vaccine expressing the influenza hemagglutinin gene derived from a clade 2.2 avian influenza virus","volume":"33","author":"Kapczynski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3390\/v16121931","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000}}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/16\/11\/1681\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T14:39:39Z","timestamp":1754231979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/16\/11\/1681"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["v16111681"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v16111681","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3390\/v16121931","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]}}}