{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:20:27Z","timestamp":1778775627443,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CONAHCYT Mexico","award":["1043168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1043168"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria represent a serious threat to public health. Among these bacteria, Salmonella is of high priority because of its morbidity levels and its ability to induce different types of cancer. Aim: This study aimed to identify Salmonella strains encoding genes linked to the promotion of precancerous lesions and to isolate a bacteriophage to evaluate its preclinical potential against these bacteria. Methodology: An epidemiological approach based on wastewater analysis was employed to isolate Salmonella strains and detect genes associated with the induction of precancerous lesions. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by the disk diffusion method. A bacteriophage was isolated via the double agar technique, and its morphological characteristics, stability, host range, replication dynamics, and ability to control Salmonella under different conditions were evaluated. The bacteriophage genome was sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics tools. Results: Thirty-seven Salmonella strains were isolated, seventeen of which contained the five genes associated with precancerous lesions\u2019 induction. These strains exhibited resistance to multiple antimicrobials, including fluoroquinolones. A bacteriophage from the Autographiviridae family with lytic activity against 21 bacterial strains was isolated. This phage exhibited a 20 min replication cycle, releasing 52 \u00b1 3 virions per infected cell. It demonstrated stability and efficacy in reducing the Salmonella concentration in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, and its genome lacked genes that represent a biosafety risk. Conclusion: This bacteriophage shows promising preclinical potential as a biotherapeutic agent against Salmonella.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16111711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T06:55:37Z","timestamp":1730357737000},"page":"1711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Isolation and Characterization of a Bacteriophage with Potential for the Control of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Strains Encoding Virulence Factors Associated with the Promotion of Precancerous Lesions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3835-3886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Amarillas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Lightbourn, Jimenez 33981, Mexico"},{"name":"Facultad de Agronom\u00eda de la Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Sinaloa, Culiac\u00e1n 80000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fedra","family":"Padilla-Lafarga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Lightbourn, Jimenez 33981, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n Gerardo","family":"Le\u00f3n Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Lightbourn, Jimenez 33981, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7796-8118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Agronom\u00eda de la Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Sinaloa, Culiac\u00e1n 80000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yadira","family":"Lugo-Melchor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas Enrique","family":"L\u00f3pez Avenda\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Agronom\u00eda de la Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Sinaloa, Culiac\u00e1n 80000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8437-2909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Lightbourn-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Lightbourn, Jimenez 33981, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitzi","family":"Estrada-Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Agronom\u00eda de la Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Sinaloa, Culiac\u00e1n 80000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02185-7","article-title":"Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"400","author":"Ikuta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loftus, M.J., Everts, R.J., Cheng, A.C., Eti, P., Fakasiieiki, T., Isaia, L., Isopo, E., Jenney, A.W., Lameko, V., and Leaupepe, H. 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