{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:34:48Z","timestamp":1760146488923,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]],"date-time":"2024-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rotavirus vaccines carry a small risk of intussusception mainly 1\u20137 days after vaccination in the United States of America, Europe, Australia, and Latin America where the background rate of intussusception is relatively low. Such risks are undetectable in Africa and India where the background rate is the lowest. Because few studies were carried out in high-background-rate countries such as Japan, we examined how intussusception occurred in infants living in Akita prefecture, Japan, while the vaccines were sold in the private market. Between 2011 and 2018, an estimated 21,677 infants (46%) were vaccinated and 54% were not. Through a retrospective survey of medical records in 18 hospitals in the prefecture, we identified 58 infants, 28 of whom were vaccinated and 30 of whom were unvaccinated, as having intussusception that met level 1 of the Brighton criteria. Thus, the intussusception rate was 123 per 100,000 infant-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 94\u2013160). Despite the high rate, none developed intussusception 1\u20137 days after the first dose of either the monovalent human rotavirus vaccine (GSK) or the pentavalent human\u2013bovine reassortant vaccine (MSD). The incidence rate ratio of vaccinated to unvaccinated infants between 42 and 245 days of life was estimated at 0.96 (95%CI: 0.43\u20132.1; p = 0.92). Given that over 95% of infants received the first dose before 15 weeks of age, the risk of intussusception associated with the rotavirus vaccines in high-incidence-rate countries can be reduced to a minimum by adhering to the recommended schedule at 2, 3, and 4 months of age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16111758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T03:52:07Z","timestamp":1731297127000},"page":"1758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Apparent Lack of the Risk of Intussusception Immediately After Rotavirus Vaccination Among Japanese Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wakako","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita-shi 010-8543, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5627-4217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsuko","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita-shi 010-8543, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hiraka General Hospital, Yokote-shi 013-8610, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuuki","family":"Konno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Noshiro Kousei Medical Center, Noshiro-shi 016-0014, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Yokote Municipal Hospital, Yokote-shi 013-8602, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Tandai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Odate Municipal General Hospital, Odate-shi 017-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Ogachi Central Hospital, Yuzawa-shi 012-0055, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinobu","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Yuri-Kumiai General Hospital, Yurihonjo-shi 015-8511, Japan"},{"name":"Araya Kids Clinic, Akita-shi 010-1631, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Fukaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Omagari Kousei Medical Center, Daisen-shi 014-0027, Japan"},{"name":"Omagari Children\u2019s Clinic, Daisen-shi 014-0022, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Ohata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Fujiwara Memorial Hospital, Katagami-shi 010-0201, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroo","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kita-Akita Municipal Hospital, Kitaakita-shi 018-4221, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Matsuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oga Minato Municipal Hospital, Oga-shi 010-0511, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisayuki","family":"Tsukahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kazuno Kousei Hospital, Kazuno-shi 018-5201, Japan"},{"name":"Tsukahara Childen\u2019s Clinic, Tsutiura-shi 300-0037, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1385-3985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiki","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Akita Kousei Medical Center, Akita-shi 011-0948, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Akita Kousei Medical Center, Akita-shi 011-0948, Japan"},{"name":"Higashidori Kids and Allergy Clinic, Akita-shi 010-0041, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masamichi","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Akita-shi 010-1495, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Akita City Hospital, Akita-shi 010-0933, Japan"},{"name":"Akita Mental and Developmental Clinic for Children, Akita-shi 011-0946, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toyoko","family":"Nakagomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki-shi 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Nakagomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki-shi 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1751-8204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita-shi 010-8543, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.65.301","article-title":"Incidence of intussusception as studied from a hospital-based retrospective survey over a 10-year period (2001\u20132010) in Akita Prefecture, Japan","volume":"65","author":"Noguchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jpn. 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Drug Saf."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/16\/11\/1758\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:29:38Z","timestamp":1760113778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/16\/11\/1758"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["v16111758"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v16111758","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4915"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]}}}