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UNDINE","award":["14-76403-184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14-76403-184"]}]},{"name":"EU project UNDINE","award":["01KX2121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KX2121"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony in Germany","award":["01709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01709"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony in Germany","award":["CRC1648 D03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC1648 D03"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony in Germany","award":["101057100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101057100"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony in Germany","award":["14-76403-184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14-76403-184"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony in Germany","award":["01KX2121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KX2121"]}]},{"name":"projects 7FF22, 6FF22, 10FF22","award":["01709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01709"]}]},{"name":"projects 7FF22, 6FF22, 10FF22","award":["CRC1648 D03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC1648 D03"]}]},{"name":"projects 7FF22, 6FF22, 10FF22","award":["101057100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101057100"]}]},{"name":"projects 7FF22, 6FF22, 10FF22","award":["14-76403-184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14-76403-184"]}]},{"name":"projects 7FF22, 6FF22, 10FF22","award":["01KX2121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KX2121"]}]},{"name":"BMBF","award":["01709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01709"]}]},{"name":"BMBF","award":["CRC1648 D03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC1648 D03"]}]},{"name":"BMBF","award":["101057100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101057100"]}]},{"name":"BMBF","award":["14-76403-184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14-76403-184"]}]},{"name":"BMBF","award":["01KX2121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KX2121"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The efficacy of monovalent BNT162b2 Omicron XBB.1.5 booster vaccination in liver transplant recipients (LTRs) has yet to be described, particularly regarding the immune response to emerging variants like JN.1. Methods: This study evaluated humoral and cellular immune responses in 34 liver transplant recipients (LTRs) with varying SARS-CoV-2 immune histories before and after receiving a BNT162b2 Omicron XBB.1.5 booster vaccination. The assessment involved variant-specific serology, pseudovirus neutralization tests, and Interferon-\u03b3 release assays. Results: Participants had a median of four prior vaccinations, with 91.2% having a history of infection. Post-vaccination, significant increases in both Wuhan anti-S and Omicron-specific IgG antibodies and improved neutralization of B.1, XBB.1.5, and JN.1 pseudovirus particles were observed. Also, T-cell responses significantly increased post-vaccination. However, 17.6% of LTRs had no neutralizing antibodies against XBB.1.5 and JN.1, while 100% of healthy controls did. Shortly after vaccination, 18% of patients developed mild COVID-19. These LTRs had particularly low immune responses at baseline. Conclusions: The monovalent XBB.1.5 booster improved overall SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity. However, some LTRs still showed low or undetectable immune responses, indicating that ongoing monitoring and further booster doses are necessary in this high-risk group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16121942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T03:59:43Z","timestamp":1734580783000},"page":"1942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 and JN.1 Variants Following XBB.1.5 Booster Vaccination in Liver Transplant Recipients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Philippa","family":"von der Schulenburg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3111-621X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg M. N.","family":"Behrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4603-7696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Centre-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Linke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Nehlmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Centre-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy Madeleine","family":"Kempf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Centre-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3001-2478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Metodi","family":"Stankov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"L\u00fctgehetmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Jahnke-Triankowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"University Transplant Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2836-9224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marylyn M.","family":"Addo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"University Transplant Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ansgar W.","family":"Lohse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"P\u00f6hlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Centre-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5033-1938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Schulze zur Wiesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Sterneck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"University Transplant Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akbulut, S., Yagin, F.H., Sahin, T.T., Garzali, I.U., Tuncer, A., Akyuz, M., Bagci, N., Barut, B., Unsal, S., and Sarici, K.B. (2023). 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