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Based on the clinical criteria, PML is diagnosed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of JCPyV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in combination with neurological and imaging findings. Although the utility of CSF JCPyV testing using ultrasensitive PCR assays has been suggested, its potential requires further evaluation. This study retrospectively analyzed the detection performance of ultrasensitive PCR for CSF JCPyV in patients who underwent brain tissue examination based on the pathological diagnostic criteria for PML. Of the 110 patients with pathologically confirmed definite PML or not PML, standard and ultrasensitive CSF testing was performed for 36 and 74 patients, respectively. The sensitivity of ultrasensitive CSF JCPyV testing of the initial specimens was 85%. With the addition of the follow-up testing, this figure increased to 95%. The specificity and false-positive rate of ultrasensitive CSF JCPyV testing, including follow-up, were 100% and 0%, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was observed between CSF and brain JCPyV levels. The results of this study demonstrate the high sensitivity and accuracy of ultrasensitive CSF JCPyV testing and provide essential information for the clinical diagnosis of PML.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16121950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T04:07:40Z","timestamp":1734667660000},"page":"1950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Performance of Ultrasensitive Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing for JC Polyomavirus in Cerebrospinal Fluid Compared with Pathological Diagnosis of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kenta","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7594-2607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuo","family":"Nakamichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harutaka","family":"Katano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi 208-0011, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5458-7298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayuki","family":"Saijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"},{"name":"Public Health Office, Health and Welfare Bureau, City of Sapporo, Sapporo-shi 060-0042, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadaki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70040-5","article-title":"Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Other Disorders Caused by JC Virus: Clinical Features and Pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05031-11","article-title":"Molecular Biology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, the JC Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease of the Human Brain","volume":"25","author":"Ferenczy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. 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