{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:41:35Z","timestamp":1760146895039,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center","award":["KY-GW-2022-08","ZD2021CY001","SHDC22024317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KY-GW-2022-08","ZD2021CY001","SHDC22024317"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project","award":["KY-GW-2022-08","ZD2021CY001","SHDC22024317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KY-GW-2022-08","ZD2021CY001","SHDC22024317"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Hospital Development Center","award":["KY-GW-2022-08","ZD2021CY001","SHDC22024317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KY-GW-2022-08","ZD2021CY001","SHDC22024317"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the impact of IL-35 on the prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF. We recruited 69 patients with HBV-ACLF, 20 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 17 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), and 20 healthy controls (HCs) from a regional infectious disease treatment center in China. Plasma levels of IL-35 at baseline were detected using ELISA. Plasma IL-35 levels in the HBV-ACLF group were the highest among all four groups. Furthermore, survivors exhibited significantly higher IL-35 levels than non-survivors (p &lt; 0.001). IL-35 levels correlated with MELD (r = \u22120.678, p &lt; 0.001), COSSH-ACLF IIs (r = \u22120.581, p &lt; 0.001), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (r = 0.433, p &lt; 0.001), creatinine (Cr) (r =\u22120.396, p = 0.001), and lactate (r =\u22120.38, p =0.001). The combination of plasma IL-35 and MELD score had the highest mortality prediction efficiency, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.895 (95% CI: 0.812\u20130.978, p &lt; 0.001), a sensitivity of 80.6%, and a specificity of 93.9%. Additionally, the Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis revealed that lower levels of IL-35 (\u2264191.5pg\/mL) were associated with poorer survival rates in HBV-ACLF patients (p &lt; 0.001). Our results demonstrated that IL-35 could be an effective predictive marker for the prognosis of HBV-ACLF and improve the predictive performance when combined with the MELD score.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16121960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T04:33:29Z","timestamp":1734928409000},"page":"1960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Plasma Interleukin-35 Levels Predict the Prognosis in Patients with HBV-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Liujuan","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongying","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengguo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7604-5139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinzhong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1914900","article-title":"Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure","volume":"382","author":"Arroyo","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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