{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:45:18Z","timestamp":1769633118461,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Parliamentary Inquiry Amendment of deputy Laura Serrano","award":["PPE00040\/22-IRR009FEX23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPE00040\/22-IRR009FEX23"]}]},{"name":"Technological Development in Health Tools-PDTIS-FIOCRUZ","award":["PPE00040\/22-IRR009FEX23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPE00040\/22-IRR009FEX23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global number of COVID-19 deaths has reached 7 million, with 4% of these deaths occurring in children and adolescents. In Brazil, around 1500 children up to 11 years old died from the disease. The most common symptoms in children are respiratory, potentially progressing to severe illnesses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and MIS-C. Studies indicate that comorbidities and genetic factors, such as polymorphisms in immune response genes, can influence the severity of COVID-19. This study investigates the occurrence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in innate immune response genes in children with COVID-19. Seventy-three samples were analyzed from children under 13 years old hospitalized at Jo\u00e3o Paulo II Children\u2019s Hospital due to COVID-19. The evaluated SNPs were tlr8 (1) (rs3764879), tlr8 (2) (rs2407992), tlr7 (rs179008), tlr3 (rs3775291), tirap (rs8177374), and mcp-1 (rs1024611), considering four categories of severity: mild, moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19. To identify the SNPs, PCR and sequencing were performed. The frequencies of the SNPs obtained were not discrepant when compared to the frequencies described in the Global ALFA, Global 1000 Genomes, Global gnomAD, American 1000 Genomes, and American gnomAD databases, except for the SNP in TLR7. Comparing severe and critical cases to mild and moderate cases, we found a higher relative risk associated with mutations in tlr8 (1), tlr7, tlr3, and tirap (p &lt; 0.05). No association was found for SNPs in tlr8 (2) and mcp-1. Our analyses suggest an association between SNPs in innate immune response genes and severity of symptoms in children with COVID-19 (or SARS-CoV-2 infected children).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17010035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T13:26:25Z","timestamp":1735651585000},"page":"35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association Between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Toll-like Receptor 3 (tlr3), tlr7, tlr8 and tirap Genes with Severe Symptoms in Children Presenting COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Adriana Souza","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou\/Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7111-940X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Almeida","family":"Bentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-110, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital Infantil Jo\u00e3o Paulo II, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-110, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilian Martins","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-110, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital Infantil Jo\u00e3o Paulo II, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-110, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9329-0411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia Hees","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou\/Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2721-3826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erna Geessien","family":"Kroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-201, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4683-0176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou\/Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, July 14). 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Disord."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/17\/1\/35\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:56:13Z","timestamp":1760115373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/17\/1\/35"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["v17010035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v17010035","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]}}}