{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:42:08Z","timestamp":1759970528676,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement-Brazil (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001","BOL0525\/2019","9600140","9600141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001","BOL0525\/2019","9600140","9600141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006181","name":"Bahia State Research Support Foundation (FAPESB)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001","BOL0525\/2019","9600140","9600141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001","BOL0525\/2019","9600140","9600141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Foundation for the Development of Private Higher Education (FUNADESP)","award":["Finance Code 001","BOL0525\/2019","9600140","9600141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001","BOL0525\/2019","9600140","9600141"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Persistent oncogenic HPV infection is strongly associated with cervical cancer. Studies have suggested a higher prevalence of HPV in women living with HTLV-1. This study aimed to determine whether HTLV-1 infection is associated with cervicovaginal HPV infection and to characterize HPV types according to oncogenic risk. Vaginal fluid samples were subjected to HPV diagnosis via PCR, and positive samples were subjected to Sanger sequencing and massive sequencing. Papanicolaou smears were examined using light microscopy to identify cell abnormalities. Among the 155 women screened, 79 were HTLV-1-infected and 76 were uninfected. HPV PCR identified 23 positive samples (15\/79 vs. 8\/76; p = 0.13). Twenty-three HPV types were identified, of which only types 31, 54, and 58 were present in both groups. When the number of HPV58 infections in each group was compared, women with HTLV-1 had a higher prevalence (8\/79 versus 1\/76; p = 0.03). In total, 61.9% of HTLV-1-infected women had at least one high-risk or probable high-risk HPV type (p = 0.12). Cytopathological findings were not significantly different between the groups. Further research is needed to determine whether HTLV-1 infection affects HPV progression and cervical cancer development and to assess the potential benefits of vaccination for women living with HTLV-1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17020140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T03:40:17Z","timestamp":1737517217000},"page":"140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HTLV-1 Infection and Cervicovaginal Susceptibility to High-Risk HPV: Findings from Women Living with HTLV-1 in Salvador, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1527-8836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alisson","family":"de Aquino Firmino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Atendimento ao Portador de HTLV (CHTLV), Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Roberto Tavares Gomes","family":"Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Atendimento ao Portador de HTLV (CHTLV), Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4266-9795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Domett","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa (CPQ), Instituto Nacional de C\u00e2ncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7538-3558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luana Leandro","family":"Gois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Avan\u00e7ado de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (LASP), Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (ICS), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giselle Calasans de Souza","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (ICS), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adenilda Lima Lopes","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Atendimento ao Portador de HTLV (CHTLV), Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Sa\u00fade (DSAU), Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44036-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana Lima","family":"Drumond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Atendimento ao Portador de HTLV (CHTLV), Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9013-2570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Alves","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa (CPQ), Instituto Nacional de C\u00e2ncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Galv\u00e3o-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Atendimento ao Portador de HTLV (CHTLV), Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Avan\u00e7ado de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (LASP), Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Gustavo R\u00e9gis","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Avan\u00e7ado de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (LASP), Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7356-5569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Fernanda Rios","family":"Grassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Atendimento ao Portador de HTLV (CHTLV), Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Avan\u00e7ado de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (LASP), Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, BA, 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