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By encoding specialized proteins and other components, they strategically target host nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) and nucleoporins within the spiderweb-like inner channel of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), enabling efficient access to the host nucleus. This review explores the intricate mechanisms governing the nuclear import and export of viral components, with a focus on the interplay between viral factors and host determinants that are essential for these processes. Given the pivotal role of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in the viral life cycle, we also examine therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting the host\u2019s nuclear transport pathways. This includes evaluating the efficacy of pharmacological inhibitors in impairing viral replication and assessing their potential as antiviral treatments. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for continued research to develop targeted therapies that leverage vulnerabilities in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Emerging high-resolution techniques, such as advanced imaging and computational modeling, are transforming our understanding of the dynamic interactions between viruses and the NPC. These cutting-edge tools are driving progress in identifying novel therapeutic opportunities and uncovering deeper insights into viral pathogenesis. This review highlights the importance of these advancements in paving the way for innovative antiviral strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17020151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T05:49:54Z","timestamp":1737611394000},"page":"151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Strategies for the Viral Exploitation of Nuclear Pore Transport Pathways"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nano Life Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9330-5783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keesiang","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WPI-Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nano Life Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0342-9016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaharu","family":"Hazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WPI-Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan"},{"name":"Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard W.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nano Life Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan"},{"name":"WPI-Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan"},{"name":"Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.45","article-title":"Viral evasion of intracellular DNA and RNA sensing","volume":"14","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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