{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:09:48Z","timestamp":1792156188258,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Integrated Health Science Research and Development Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The SARS-CoV-2-induced disease, COVID-19, remains a worldwide public health concern due to its high rate of transmission, even in vaccinated and previously infected people. In the endemic state, it continues to cause significant pathology. To elu- cidate the viral mutational changes and screen the emergence of new variants of concern, we conducted this study in Bangladesh. The viral RNA genomes extracted from 25 ran- domly collected samples of COVID-19-positive patients from March 2021 to February 2022 were sequenced using Illumina COVID Seq protocol and genomic data processing, as well as evaluations performed in DRAGEN COVID Lineage software. In this study, the percentage of Delta, Omicron, and Mauritius variants identified were 88%, 8%, and 4%, respectively. All of the 25 samples had 23,403 A&gt;G (D614G, S gene), 3037 C&gt;T (nsp3), and 14,408 C&gt;T (nsp12) mutations, where 23,403 A&gt;G was responsible for increased transmis- sion. Omicron had the highest number of unique mutations in the spike protein (i.e., sub- stitutions, deletions, and insertions), which may explain its higher transmissibility and immune-evading ability than Delta. A total of 779 mutations were identified, where 691 substitutions, 85 deletions, and 3 insertion mutations were observed. To sum up, our study will enrich the genomic database of SARS-CoV-2, aiding in treatment strategies along with understanding the virus\u2019s preferences in both mutation type and mutation site for predicting newly emerged viruses\u2019 survival strategies and thus for preparing to coun- teract them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17020182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T04:59:10Z","timestamp":1737953950000},"page":"182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Isolates and Comparison of Mutational Spectrum of Variants in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Abeda","family":"Sultana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4409-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laila Anjuman","family":"Banu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2342-3404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmud","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroscience and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahid","family":"Azmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Shahabuddin Medical College, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurun Nahar","family":"Nila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroscience and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharadindu Kanti","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahid","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106054","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): A global pandemic and treatment strategies","volume":"56","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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