{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:27:27Z","timestamp":1792189647866,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":267,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service","award":["58-3022-1-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-3022-1-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease within the genus Phlebovirus. Symptoms of the disease in animals range from moderate to severe febrile illness, which significantly impacts the livestock industry and causes severe health complications in humans. Similar to bunyaviruses in the genus Orthobunyavirus transmitted by mosquitoes, RVFV progression is dependent on the susceptibility of the physical, cellular, microbial, and immune response barriers of the vectors. These barriers, shaped by the genetic makeup of the mosquito species and the surrounding environmental temperature, exert strong selective pressure on the virus, affecting its replication, evolution, and spread. The changing climate coupled with the aforementioned bottlenecks are significant drivers of RVF epidemics and expansion into previously nonendemic areas. Despite the link between microclimatic changes and RVF outbreaks, there is still a dearth of knowledge on how these temperature effects impact RVF transmission and vector competence and virus persistence during interepidemic years. This intricate interdependence between the virus, larval habitat temperatures, and vector competence necessitates increased efforts in addressing RVFV disease burden. This review highlights recent advancements made in response to shifting demographics, weather patterns, and conveyance of RVFV. Additionally, ongoing studies related to temperature-sensitive variations in RVFV\u2013vector interactions and knowledge gaps are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17020217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T05:36:32Z","timestamp":1738560992000},"page":"217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Temperature-Associated Effects of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infections in Mosquitoes and Climate-Driven Epidemics: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Faustus A.","family":"Azerigyik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1552-378X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelby M.","family":"Cagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7877-9224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William C.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana N.","family":"Mitzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4996-915X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebekah C.","family":"Kading","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00769-w","article-title":"Advancements in Rift Valley fever vaccines: A historical overview and prospects for next generation candidates","volume":"8","author":"Alkan","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reed, K.D. (2018). Viral zoonoses. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, Elsevier Inc.. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801238-3.95729-5"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Kwasiborski, A., Collet, L., Hourdel, V., Vandenbogaert, M., Batejat, C., Manuguerra, J., Vanhomwegen, J., and Caro, V. (2024, June 15). Molecular Investigation of Rift Valley Fever Outbreak in Mayotte, 2018. Available online: https:\/\/programme.europa-organisation.com\/slides\/programme_ricai-2019\/CO-095.pdf."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"28024","article-title":"A systematic review of Rift Valley Fever epidemiology 1931\u20132014","volume":"5","author":"Nanyingi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Machalaba, C. (2024, June 04). Impacts of Rift Valley Fever Virus: A One Health approach to Assess Burden and Inform Prevention and Control Options. Available online: https:\/\/academicworks.cuny.edu\/sph_etds\/48\/."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Program, F.S.A. (2024, December 26). Select Agents and Toxins List, Available online: https:\/\/www.selectagents.gov\/sat\/list.htm."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, July 02). WHO Updates Blueprint List of Priority Diseases. Available online: https:\/\/globalbiodefense.com\/2018\/02\/12\/who-updates-blueprint-list-of-priority-diseases\/."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"HHS, Human Services (HS), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2017). Possession, use, and transfer of select agents and toxins; biennial review of the list of select agents and toxins and enhanced biosafety requirements: Final rule. Fed. Regist., 82, 6278\u20136294."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7223a6","article-title":"Notes from the Field: Rift Valley Fever Outbreak\u2014Mbarara District, Western Uganda, January\u2013March 2023","volume":"72","author":"Kabami","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rift Valley fever: The neurotropic adaptation of the virus and the experimental use of this modified virus as a vaccine","volume":"30","author":"Smithburn","year":"1949","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2018.02.001","article-title":"Rift Valley fever vaccines: Current and future needs","volume":"29","author":"Dungu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"12","article-title":"Issuance of a conditional license for Rift Valley fever vaccine, modified live virus","volume":"13","author":"Hills","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cent. Vet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitandwe, P.K., McKay, P.F., Kaleebu, P., and Shattock, R.J. (2022). An overview of Rift Valley fever vaccine development strategies. Vaccines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10111794"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-94","article-title":"Pathological studies on postvaccinal reactions of Rift Valley fever in goats","volume":"6","author":"Kamal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20624","article-title":"Adverse response of non-indigenous cattle of European breeds to live attenuated Smithburn Rift Valley fever vaccine","volume":"78","author":"Botros","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.109.17.383","article-title":"Abortion in vaccinated sheep and cattle after challenge with Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"109","author":"Yedloutschnig","year":"1981","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sang, R., Arum, S., Chepkorir, E., Mosomtai, G., Tigoi, C., Sigei, F., Lwande, O.W., Landmann, T., Affognon, H., and Ahlm, C. (2017). Distribution and abundance of key vectors of Rift Valley fever and other arboviruses in two ecologically distinct counties in Kenya. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005341"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0421","article-title":"A review of mosquitoes associated with Rift Valley fever virus in Madagascar","volume":"92","author":"Tantely","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000765","article-title":"Rift Valley fever virus: Strategies for maintenance, survival and vertical transmission in mosquitoes","volume":"98","author":"Lumley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2987\/12-6316r.1","article-title":"Potential for Populations of Aedes j. japonicus to Transmit Rift Valley Fever Virus in the USA1","volume":"29","author":"Turell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"164","article-title":"Transovarian transmission of Rift Valley fever virus by two species of mosquitoes in Khartoum state (Sudan): Aedes vexans (Meigen) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say)","volume":"8","author":"Mohamed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sudan. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergren, N.A., Borland, E.M., Hartman, D.A., and Kading, R.C. (2021). Laboratory demonstration of the vertical transmission of Rift Valley fever virus by Culex tarsalis mosquitoes. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009273"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drouin, A., Chevalier, V., Durand, B., and Balenghien, T. (2022). Vector competence of mediterranean mosquitoes for Rift Valley fever virus: A meta-analysis. Pathogens, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11050503"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12254","article-title":"Rift V alley fever virus and European mosquitoes: Vector competence of Culex pipiens and Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus)","volume":"31","author":"Brustolin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12291","article-title":"Vector competence of Culex antennatus and Anopheles coustani mosquitoes for Rift Valley fever virus in Madagascar","volume":"32","author":"Nepomichene","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartman, D.A., Bergren, N.A., Kondash, T., Schlatmann, W., Webb, C.T., and Kading, R.C. (2021). Susceptibility and barriers to infection of Colorado mosquitoes with Rift Valley fever virus. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009837"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/47.5.884","article-title":"Potential for North American mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit rift valley fever virus","volume":"47","author":"Turell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.1.102","article-title":"Vector competence of selected African mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) species for Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"45","author":"Turell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paweska, J.T., and van Vuren, P.J. (2014). Rift Valley fever virus: A virus with potential for global emergence. The Role of Animals in Emerging Viral Diseases, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-405191-1.00008-9"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Meegan, J., Bailey, C., and Monath, T. (1988). Rift Valley Fever, CRC."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellone, R., and Failloux, A.-B. (2020). The role of temperature in shaping mosquito-borne viruses transmission. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.584846"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v45i05a03","article-title":"Climate change and infectious diseases: The solutions: Weather-based forecasting of mosquito-borne disease outbreaks in Canada","volume":"45","author":"Ogden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. Commun. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00e9tras, R., Fourni\u00e9, G., Dommergues, L., Camacho, A., Cavalerie, L., M\u00e9rot, P., Keeling, M.J., Cetre-Sossah, C., Cardinale, E., and Edmunds, W.J. (2017). Drivers for Rift Valley fever emergence in Mayotte: A Bayesian modelling approach. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005767"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anyamba, A., Damoah, R., Kemp, A., Small, J.L., Rostal, M.K., Bagge, W., Cordel, C., Brand, R., Karesh, W.B., and Paweska, J.T. (2022). Climate Conditions During a Rift Valley Fever Post-epizootic Period in Free State, South Africa, 2014\u20132019. Front. Vet. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.730424"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"E7448","article-title":"Environmental limits of Rift Valley fever revealed using ecoepidemiological mechanistic models","volume":"115","author":"Cunningham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chemison, A., Ramstein, G., Jones, A., Morse, A., and Caminade, C. (2024). Ability of a dynamical climate sensitive disease model to reproduce historical Rift Valley Fever outbreaks over Africa. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53774-x"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjad113","article-title":"The increasing threat of Rift Valley fever virus globalization: Strategic guidance for protection and preparation","volume":"60","author":"Gibson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25929","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v8.25929","article-title":"Inter-epidemic abundance and distribution of potential mosquito vectors for Rift Valley fever virus in Ngorongoro district, Tanzania","volume":"8","author":"Mweya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob. Health Action"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130551","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0551","article-title":"Climate, environmental and socio-economic change: Weighing up the balance in vector-borne disease transmission","volume":"370","author":"Parham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05792-3","article-title":"Scoping review of Culex mosquito life history trait heterogeneity in response to temperature","volume":"16","author":"Moser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2013.81","article-title":"The risk of Rift Valley fever virus introduction and establishment in the United States and European Union","volume":"2","author":"Rolin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tourapi, C., and Tsioutis, C. (2022). Circular Policy: A New Approach to Vector and Vector-Borne Diseases\u2019 Management in Line with the Global Vector Control Response (2017\u20132030). Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7070125"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12608","article-title":"Quantifying the potential pathways and locations of Rift Valley fever virus entry into the United States","volume":"65","author":"Golnar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van den Bergh, C., Venter, E.H., Swanepoel, R., and Thompson, P.N. (2019). High seroconversion rate to Rift Valley fever virus in cattle and goats in far northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, in the absence of reported outbreaks. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007296"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2884-7","article-title":"Competence of mosquitoes native to the United Kingdom to support replication and transmission of Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"11","author":"Lumley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golnar, A.J., Turell, M.J., LaBeaud, A.D., Kading, R.C., and Hamer, G.L. (2014). Predicting the mosquito species and vertebrate species involved in the theoretical transmission of Rift Valley fever virus in the United States. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003163"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjv093","article-title":"Potential for Psorophora columbiae and Psorophora ciliata mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"52","author":"Turell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"002025","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.002025","article-title":"Tissue distribution and transmission of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus in European Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes following intrathoracic inoculation","volume":"105","author":"Gardela","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.4.514","article-title":"Evaluation of pathways for release of Rift Valley fever virus into domestic ruminant livestock, ruminant wildlife, and human populations in the continental United States","volume":"232","author":"Kasari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800213","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.8.1800213","article-title":"Tracking Rift Valley fever: From Mali to Europe and other countries, 2016","volume":"24","author":"Tong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30401-7","article-title":"Rift Valley fever virus imported into China from Angola","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-011613-162012","article-title":"Invasion biology of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"59","author":"Kaufman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/jvec.12336","article-title":"Modeled distributions of Aedes japonicus japonicus and Aedes togoi (Diptera: Culicidae) in the United States, Canada, and northern Latin America","volume":"44","author":"Peach","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vector Ecol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lippi, C., Kaufman, P.E., and Buckner, E.A. (2021). Asian Bush Mosquito, Asian Rock Pool Mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae): EENY-761\/IN1307, 6\/2020, EDIS.","DOI":"10.32473\/edis-in1307-2020"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kampen, H., Kuhlisch, C., Fr\u00f6hlich, A., Scheuch, D.E., and Walther, D. (2016). Occurrence and spread of the invasive Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in West and North Germany since detection in 2012 and 2013, respectively. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167948"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1974.23.694","article-title":"Overwintering of La Crosse virus in Aedes triseriatus","volume":"23","author":"Watts","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.168","article-title":"Effect of La Crosse virus infection on overwintering of Aedes triseriatus","volume":"58","author":"McGAW","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1974.23.246","article-title":"Isolation of La Crosse virus from field collected Aedes triseriatus larvae","volume":"23","author":"Pantuwatana","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1975.24.685","article-title":"Emergence of La Crosse virus from endemic foci. Fluorescent antibody studies of overwintered Aedes triseriatus","volume":"24","author":"Beaty","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergren, N.A., and Kading, R.C. (2018). The ecological significance and implications of transovarial transmission among the vector-borne Bunyaviruses: A review. Insects, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects9040173"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barker, C.M., Niu, T., Reisen, W.K., and Hartley, D.M. (2013). Data-driven modeling to assess receptivity for Rift Valley fever virus. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002515"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800049633","article-title":"Patterns of Rift Valley fever activity in Zambia","volume":"108","author":"Davies","year":"1992","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.52.403","article-title":"Rift Valley fever in western Africa: Isolations from Aedes mosquitoes during an interepizootic period","volume":"52","author":"Fontenille","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sumaye, R.D., Abatih, E.N., Thiry, E., Amuri, M., Berkvens, D., and Geubbels, E. (2015). Inter-epidemic acquisition of Rift Valley fever virus in humans in Tanzania. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003536"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2024.100215","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever and associated risk factors in livestock of Afar Region, northeastern Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Megenas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Parasitol. Vector-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"941","article-title":"Rainfall and epizootic Rift Valley fever","volume":"63","author":"Davies","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0289","article-title":"Prediction, assessment of the Rift Valley fever activity in East and Southern Africa 2006\u20132008 and possible vector control strategies","volume":"83","author":"Anyamba","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1408.080082","article-title":"Interepidemic Rift Valley fever virus seropositivity, northeastern Kenya","volume":"14","author":"LaBeaud","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0187","article-title":"Rift Valley fever virus infection in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) herds in rural South Africa: Evidence of interepidemic transmission","volume":"84","author":"LaBeaud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.07.025","article-title":"Vertical transmission of arboviruses in mosquitoes: A historical perspective","volume":"28","author":"Lequime","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Burrell, C.J., Howard, C.R., and Murphy, F.A. (2016). Fenner and White\u2019s Medical Virology, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"Payne, S. (2022). Viruses: From Understanding to Investigation, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010095","article-title":"Fever with thrombocytopenia associated with a novel bunyavirus in China","volume":"364","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2405.151435","article-title":"Transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus by Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks, China","volume":"24","author":"Zhuang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjw080","article-title":"Transmission of heartland virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) by experimentally infected Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"53","author":"Godsey","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Y.-Y., Zhuang, L., Liu, K., Sun, Y., Dai, K., Zhang, X.-A., Zhang, P.-H., Feng, Z.-C., Li, H., and Liu, W. (2020). Role of three tick species in the maintenance and transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008368"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osorio, J., and Yuill, T. (2008). Zoonoses. Encyclopedia of Virology, Academic Press. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012374410-4.00536-7"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5708","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00207-12","article-title":"West Nile virus noncoding subgenomic RNA contributes to viral evasion of the type I interferon-mediated antiviral response","volume":"86","author":"Schuessler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0341-8162(73)80018-9","article-title":"Dambos: A study in morphodynamic activity on the plateau regions of Zambia","volume":"1","year":"1973","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"197","article-title":"Rift Valley fever virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus). Isolations from Diptera collected during an inter-epizootic period in Kenya","volume":"95","author":"Linthicum","year":"1985","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0802.010023","article-title":"An outbreak of Rift Valley fever in northeastern Kenya, 1997\u20131998","volume":"8","author":"Woods","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"Clements, A.N. (2023). The Biology of Mosquitoes, Volume 1: Development, Nutrition and Reproduction, Chapman & Hall."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lequime, S., Paul, R.E., and Lambrechts, L. (2016). Determinants of arbovirus vertical transmission in mosquitoes. PLoS Pathog., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005548"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/26.2.122","article-title":"Overwintering survival of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) eggs in Indiana","volume":"26","author":"Hawley","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrington, L.B., Armijos, M.V., Lambrechts, L., Barker, C.M., and Scott, T.W. (2013). Effects of fluctuating daily temperatures at critical thermal extremes on Aedes aegypti life-history traits. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058824"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.04.004","article-title":"Effects of different temperature regimens on the development of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes","volume":"119","author":"Mohammed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13732","article-title":"Effects of elevated temperatures on the development of immature stages of Anopheles gambiae (sl) mosquitoes","volume":"27","author":"Agyekum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jian, X.-Y., Jiang, Y.-T., Wang, M., Jia, N., Cai, T., Xing, D., Li, C.-X., Zhao, T.-Y., Guo, X.-X., and Wu, J.-H. (2023). Effects of constant temperature and daily fluctuating temperature on the transovarial transmission and life cycle of Aedes albopictus infected with Zika virus. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1075362"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7460","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1101377108","article-title":"Impact of daily temperature fluctuations on dengue virus transmission by Aedes aegypti","volume":"108","author":"Lambrechts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu-Helmersson, J., Stenlund, H., Wilder-Smith, A., and Rockl\u00f6v, J. (2014). Vectorial capacity of Aedes aegypti: Effects of temperature and implications for global dengue epidemic potential. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089783"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1399-3","article-title":"Modelling hotspots of the two dominant Rift Valley fever vectors (Aedes vexans and Culex poicilipes) in Bark\u00e9dji, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal","volume":"9","author":"Talla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69630","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.69630","article-title":"How will mosquitoes adapt to climate warming?","volume":"10","author":"Couper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/42.5.739","article-title":"Aspects of bioecology of two Rift Valley fever virus vectors in Senegal (West Africa): Aedes vexans and Culex poicilipes (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"42","author":"Ba","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"107","article-title":"Rift Valley fever. Isolation of the virus from wild mosquitoes","volume":"29","author":"Smithburn","year":"1948","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"395","article-title":"Mosquito species collected from a marsh in western Kenya during the long rains","volume":"7","author":"Logan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2005.00564.x","article-title":"Mosquito vectors of the 1998\u20131999 outbreak of Rift Valley Fever and other arboviruses (Bagaza, Sanar, Wesselsbron and West Nile) in Mauritania and Senegal","volume":"19","author":"Diallo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grossi-Soyster, E.N., and LaBeaud, A.D. (2020). Rift valley fever: Important considerations for risk mitigation and future outbreaks. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed5020089"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5426.397","article-title":"Climate and satellite indicators to forecast Rift Valley fever epidemics in Kenya","volume":"285","author":"Linthicum","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anyamba, A., Small, J.L., Britch, S.C., Tucker, C.J., Pak, E.W., Reynolds, C.A., Crutchfield, J., and Linthicum, K.J. (2014). Recent weather extremes and impacts on agricultural production and vector-borne disease outbreak patterns. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092538"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/28.2.293","article-title":"Isolation of Rift Valley fever virus from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected during an outbreak in domestic animals in Kenya","volume":"28","author":"Logan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2591-9","article-title":"Ecological distribution and population dynamics of Rift Valley fever virus mosquito vectors (Diptera, Culicidae) in Senegal","volume":"11","author":"Biteye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-196","article-title":"Relevant microclimate for determining the development rate of malaria mosquitoes and possible implications of climate change","volume":"9","author":"Paaijmans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.1211","article-title":"Effect of extrinsic incubation temperature on the ability of Aedes taeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens to transmit Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"34","author":"Turell","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2516(89)80092-5","article-title":"Effect of environmental temperature on the vector competence of Aedes fowleri for Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"140","author":"Turell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Res. Virol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20180795","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.0795","article-title":"Temperature drives Zika virus transmission: Evidence from empirical and mathematical models","volume":"285","author":"Tesla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winokur, O.C., Main, B.J., Nicholson, J., and Barker, C.M. (2020). Impact of temperature on the extrinsic incubation period of Zika virus in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008047"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/43.2.309","article-title":"Effects of temperature on the transmission of West Nile virus by Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"43","author":"Reisen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1677-0","article-title":"Vector competence of northern European Culex pipiens biotypes and hybrids for West Nile virus is differentially affected by temperature","volume":"9","author":"Vogels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.81.264","article-title":"Environmental and biological factors influencing Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) vector competence for Saint Louis encephalitis virus","volume":"81","author":"Richards","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keyel, A.C., Elison Timm, O., Backenson, P.B., Prussing, C., Quinones, S., McDonough, K.A., Vuille, M., Conn, J.E., Armstrong, P.M., and Andreadis, T.G. (2019). Seasonal temperatures and hydrological conditions improve the prediction of West Nile virus infection rates in Culex mosquitoes and human case counts in New York and Connecticut. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217854"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kilpatrick, A.M., Meola, M.A., Moudy, R.M., and Kramer, L.D. (2008). Temperature, viral genetics, and the transmission of West Nile virus by Culex pipiens mosquitoes. PLoS Pathog., 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000092"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.49.672","article-title":"Effect of environmental temperature on the vector competence of Aedes taeniorhynchus for Rift Valley fever and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses","volume":"49","author":"Turell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1603\/033.046.0105","article-title":"Influence of temperature on immature development, survival, longevity, fecundity, and gonotrophic cycles of Aedes albopictus, vector of chikungunya and dengue in the Indian Ocean","volume":"46","author":"Delatte","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1603\/ME13003","article-title":"The effect of temperature on life history traits of Culex mosquitoes","volume":"51","author":"Ciota","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murrieta, R.A., Garcia-Luna, S.M., Murrieta, D.J., Halladay, G., Young, M.C., Fauver, J.R., Gendernalik, A., Weger-Lucarelli, J., R\u00fcckert, C., and Ebel, G.D. (2021). Impact of extrinsic incubation temperature on natural selection during Zika virus infection of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. PLoS Pathog., 17.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.02.433538"},{"key":"ref_116","unstructured":"Roizman, B., Knipe, D., and Whitley, R. (2001). Fields Virology, Raven Press."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1712.111035","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"17","author":"Grobbelaar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11152","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01519-08","article-title":"Multiple virus lineages sharing recent common ancestry were associated with a large Rift Valley fever outbreak among livestock in Kenya during 2006\u20132007","volume":"82","author":"Bird","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02095-06","article-title":"Complete genome analysis of 33 ecologically and biologically diverse Rift Valley fever virus strains reveals widespread virus movement and low genetic diversity due to recent common ancestry","volume":"81","author":"Bird","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(02)00295-9","article-title":"Rift Valley fever: An uninvited zoonosis in the Arabian peninsula","volume":"21","author":"Balkhy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domingo, E. (2019). Interaction of virus populations with their hosts. Virus as Populations, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816331-3.00004-0"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morrill, J.C., Ikegami, T., Yoshikawa-Iwata, N., Lokugamage, N., Won, S., Terasaki, K., Zamoto-Niikura, A., Peters, C., and Makino, S. (2010). Rapid accumulation of virulent rift valley Fever virus in mice from an attenuated virus carrying a single nucleotide substitution in the m RNA. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/326c5f5b-3da9-4b0b-b889-28d4f33d2543"},{"key":"ref_123","unstructured":"Domingo, E., Escarm\u00eds, C., Men\u00e9ndez-Arias, L., Perales, C., Herrera, M., Novella, I.S., and Holland, J.J. (2008). Viral quasispecies: Dynamics, interactions, and pathogenesis. Origin and Evolution of Viruses, Academic Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishiyama, S., and Ikegami, T. (2015). Temperature-sensitive mutations for live-attenuated Rift Valley fever vaccines: Implications from other RNA viruses. Front. Microbiol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00787"},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"8","article-title":"Molecular biology of Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"4","author":"Bouloy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.405","article-title":"Characterization of clone 13, a naturally attenuated avirulent isolate of Rift Valley fever virus, which is altered in the small segment","volume":"53","author":"Muller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_127","first-page":"21","article-title":"Temperature and macromolecular structure and function","volume":"Volume 41","author":"Pain","year":"1987","journal-title":"Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology"},{"key":"ref_128","unstructured":"Granoff, A., and Webster, R.G. (1999). Encyclopedia of Virology, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(90)90096-5","article-title":"Use of reassortant viruses to map attenuating and temperature-sensitive mutations of the Rift Valley fever virus MP-12 vaccine","volume":"8","author":"Saluzzo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.03.022","article-title":"Viral quasispecies","volume":"479","author":"Andino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domingo, E., and Perales, C. (2019). Viral quasispecies. PLoS Genet., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008271"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sene, O., Sagne, S.N., Bob, N.S., Mhamadi, M., Dieng, I., Gaye, A., Ba, H., Dia, M., Faye, E.T., and Diop, S.M. (2024). Re-Emergence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Lineage H in Senegal in 2022: In Vitro Characterization and Impact on Its Global Emergence in West Africa. Viruses, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/v16071018"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chabert, M., Lac\u00f4te, S., Marianneau, P., Confort, M.-P., Aurine, N., P\u00e9darrieu, A., Doumbia, B., Ould Baba Ould Gueya, M., Habiboullah, H., and Beyatt, A.B.E.M. (2024). Comparative study of two Rift Valley fever virus field strains originating from Mauritania. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012728"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.03.002","article-title":"Genetic drift during systemic arbovirus infection of mosquito vectors leads to decreased relative fitness during host switching","volume":"19","author":"Grubaugh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domingo, E. (2016). Molecular Basis of Genetic Variation of Viruses: Error-Prone Replication, Academic Press. Virus as Populations.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800837-9.00002-2"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04239","article-title":"Large-scale sequencing of human influenza reveals the dynamic nature of viral genome evolution","volume":"437","author":"Ghedin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.07.030","article-title":"Viruses of the family Bunyaviridae: Are all available isolates reassortants?","volume":"446","author":"Briese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balaraman, V., Indran, S.V., Kim, I.J., Trujillo, J.D., Meekins, D.A., Shivanna, V., Zajac, M.D., Urbaniak, K., Morozov, I., and Sunwoo, S.-Y. (2024). Rift Valley Fever Phlebovirus Reassortment Study in Sheep. Viruses, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/v16060880"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5627","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02448-05","article-title":"Batai and Ngari viruses: M segment reassortment and association with severe febrile disease outbreaks in East Africa","volume":"80","author":"Briese","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2020.100060","article-title":"Theoretical risk of genetic reassortment should not impede development of live, attenuated Rift Valley fever (RVF) vaccines commentary on the draft WHO RVF Target Product Profile","volume":"5","author":"Monath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine X"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-69-4-817","article-title":"Characterization of attenuated strains of Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"69","author":"Rossi","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-017-0021-9","article-title":"Genetic stability of Rift Valley fever virus MP-12 vaccine during serial passages in culture cells","volume":"2","author":"Lokugamage","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_143","unstructured":"Demas, G.E., and Nelson, R.J. (2012). The energetics of immunity: Mechanisms of trade-offs in ecoimmunology. Introduction to Ecoimmunology: Ecoimmunology, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(96)10008-2","article-title":"How organisms respond to environmental changes: From phenotypes to molecules (and vice versa)","volume":"11","author":"Pigllucci","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_145","first-page":"73","article-title":"Integrating phenotypic plasticity within an ecological genomics framework: Recent insights from the genomics, evolution, ecology, and fitness of plasticity","volume":"781","author":"Morris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Genom."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2003.11.011","article-title":"Estimating disease resistance in insects: Phenoloxidase and lysozyme-like activity and disease resistance in the cricket Gryllus texensis","volume":"50","author":"Adamo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02796.x","article-title":"Larval environmental stress alters Aedes aegypti competence for Sindbis virus","volume":"16","author":"Muturi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05051-3","article-title":"Updated distribution maps of predominant Culex mosquitoes across the Americas","volume":"14","author":"Gorris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0319","article-title":"Rift Valley fever virus epidemic in Kenya, 2006\/2007: The entomologic investigations","volume":"83","author":"Sang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8026","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105195108","article-title":"Drinking a hot blood meal elicits a protective heat shock response in mosquitoes","volume":"108","author":"Benoit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1603\/033.046.0313","article-title":"Identification and characterization of heat shock 70 genes in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"46","author":"Gross","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_152","unstructured":"Benoit, J., and Lopez-Martinez, G. (2012). Hemolymph Proteins and Functional Peptides: Recent Advances in Insects and Other Arthropods, Bentham Science Publishers."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.11.11","article-title":"Mosquito RNAi is the major innate immune pathway controlling arbovirus infection and transmission","volume":"6","author":"Blair","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adelman, Z.N., Anderson, M.A., Wiley, M.R., Murreddu, M.G., Samuel, G.H., Morazzani, E.M., and Myles, K.M. (2013). Cooler temperatures destabilize RNA interference and increase susceptibility of disease vector mosquitoes to viral infection. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002239"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10-1128","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00090-17","article-title":"RNA interference restricts Rift Valley Fever virus in multiple insect systems","volume":"2","author":"Dietrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Msphere"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2014.71","article-title":"The Rift Valley fever accessory proteins NSm and P78\/NSm-GN are distinct determinants of virus propagation in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts","volume":"3","author":"Kreher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nuss, J.E., Kehn-Hall, K., Benedict, A., Costantino, J., Ward, M., Peyser, B.D., Retterer, C.J., Tressler, L.E., Wanner, L.M., and McGovern, H.F. (2014). Multi-faceted proteomic characterization of host protein complement of Rift Valley fever virus virions and identification of specific heat shock proteins, including HSP90, as important viral host factors. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093483"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02034-09","article-title":"Indirect effects of temperature on stink bug fitness, via maintenance of gut-associated symbionts","volume":"76","author":"Prado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.160","article-title":"Hemolymph microbiome of Pacific oysters in response to temperature, temperature stress and infection","volume":"9","author":"Lokmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10-1128","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01578-16","article-title":"Collapse of insect gut symbiosis under simulated climate change","volume":"7","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19336934.2017.1394558","article-title":"Strong responses of Drosophila melanogaster microbiota to developmental temperature","volume":"12","author":"Moghadam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fly"},{"key":"ref_162","first-page":"1","article-title":"The mosquito holobiont: Fresh insight into mosquito-microbiota interactions","volume":"6","author":"Zouache","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2018.05.008","article-title":"Composition and functional roles of the gut microbiota in mosquitoes","volume":"28","author":"Strand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.49.061802.123416","article-title":"The gut bacteria of insects: Nonpathogenic interactions","volume":"49","author":"Dillon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12025","article-title":"The gut microbiota of insects\u2013diversity in structure and function","volume":"37","author":"Engel","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tchouassi, D.P., Muturi, E.J., Arum, S.O., Kim, C.-H., Fields, C.J., and Torto, B. (2019). Host species and site of collection shape the microbiota of Rift Valley fever vectors in Kenya. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007361"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu\u00e9gan, M., Minard, G., Tran, F.-H., Tran Van, V., Dubost, A., and Valiente Moro, C. (2018). Short-term impacts of anthropogenic stressors on Aedes albopictus mosquito vector microbiota. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 94.","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiy188"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramirez, J.L., Souza-Neto, J., Torres Cosme, R., Rovira, J., Ortiz, A., Pascale, J.M., and Dimopoulos, G. (2012). Reciprocal tripartite interactions between the Aedes aegypti midgut microbiota, innate immune system and dengue virus influences vector competence. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001561"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Novakova, E., Woodhams, D.C., Rodr\u00edguez-Ruano, S.M., Brucker, R.M., Leff, J.W., Maharaj, A., Amir, A., Knight, R., and Scott, J. (2017). Mosquito microbiome dynamics, a background for prevalence and seasonality of West Nile virus. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00526"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dodson, B.L., Hughes, G.L., Paul, O., Matacchiero, A.C., Kramer, L.D., and Rasgon, J.L. (2014). Wolbachia enhances West Nile virus (WNV) infection in the mosquito Culex tarsalis. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002965"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dodson, B.L., Andrews, E.S., Turell, M.J., and Rasgon, J.L. (2017). Wolbachia effects on Rift Valley fever virus infection in Culex tarsalis mosquitoes. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1101\/135889"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lambrechts, L., Chevillon, C., Albright, R.G., Thaisomboonsuk, B., Richardson, J.H., Jarman, R.G., and Scott, T.W. (2009). Genetic specificity and potential for local adaptation between dengue viruses and mosquito vectors. BMC Evol. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-9-160"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.02.016","article-title":"Transmission dynamics of an insect-specific flavivirus in a naturally infected Culex pipiens laboratory colony and effects of co-infection on vector competence for West Nile virus","volume":"427","author":"Bolling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.022","article-title":"Dual Insect specific virus infection limits Arbovirus replication in Aedes mosquito cells","volume":"518","author":"Schultz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2887-4","article-title":"Culex flavivirus infection in a Culex pipiens mosquito colony and its effects on vector competence for Rift Valley fever phlebovirus","volume":"11","author":"Talavera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laureti, M., Lee, R.-X., Bennett, A., Wilson, L.A., Sy, V.E., Kohl, A., and Dietrich, I. (2023). Rift valley fever virus primes immune responses in Aedes aegypti cells. Pathogens, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12040563"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"aaf1098","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf1098","article-title":"Trained immunity: A program of innate immune memory in health and disease","volume":"352","author":"Netea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1988.38.440","article-title":"Vector potential of selected North American mosquito species for Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"38","author":"Gargan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1976.25.505","article-title":"Delineation of La Crosse virus in developmental stages of transovarially infected Aedes triseriatus","volume":"25","author":"Beaty","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1979.28.890","article-title":"Higher venereal infection and transmission rates with La Crosse virus in Aedes triseriatus engorged before mating","volume":"28","author":"Thompson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-7-76","article-title":"Identification of super-infected Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes collected as eggs from the field and partial characterization of the infecting La Crosse viruses","volume":"7","author":"Reese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/36.6.671","article-title":"Selection of refractory and permissive strains of Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) for transovarial transmission of La Crosse virus","volume":"36","author":"Graham","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.2003.00412.x","article-title":"Quantitative trait loci conditioning transovarial transmission of La Crosse virus in the eastern treehole mosquito, Ochlerotatus triseriatus","volume":"12","author":"Graham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_184","first-page":"373","article-title":"Vertical and venereal transmission of California group viruses by Aedes triseriatus and Culiseta inornata mosquitoes","volume":"35","author":"Schopen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/14.4.437","article-title":"Vertical transmission of La Crosse virus (California encephalitis group): Transovarial and filial infection rates in Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"14","author":"Miller","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585(2006)43[757:CPOATA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Comparative potential of Aedes triseriatus, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to transovarially transmit La Crosse virus","volume":"43","author":"Hughes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2987\/moco-31-03-233-241.1","article-title":"La Crosse encephalitis virus infection in field-collected Aedes albopictus, Aedes japonicus, and Aedes triseriatus in Tennessee","volume":"31","author":"Westby","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1975.24.876","article-title":"Laboratory studies of transovarial transmission of La Crosse and other arboviruses by Aedes albopictus and Culex fatigans","volume":"24","author":"Tesh","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.430","article-title":"Potential for evolution of California serogroup bunyaviruses by genome reassortment in Aedes albopictus","volume":"60","author":"Cheng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_190","first-page":"494","article-title":"Evidence for transovarial transmission of Jamestown Canyon virus in Ohio","volume":"37","author":"Berry","year":"1977","journal-title":"Mosq. News"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1986.35.1285","article-title":"Virus-vector-host relationships of Aedes stimulans and Jamestown Canyon virus in a northern Indiana enzootic focus","volume":"35","author":"Boromisa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/30.2.398","article-title":"Vector competence of alpine, Central Valley, and coastal mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from California for Jamestown Canyon virus","volume":"30","author":"Kramer","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1126\/science.4048949","article-title":"Evolution of bunyaviruses by genome reassortment in dually infected mosquitoes (Aedes triseriatus)","volume":"230","author":"Beaty","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_194","first-page":"245","article-title":"Experimental model of transovarial transmission of Tahyna virus in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes","volume":"27","author":"Labuda","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"key":"ref_195","first-page":"361","article-title":"Laboratory demonstration of transovarial transmission of Tahyna virus in Aedes vexans and the role of this mechanism in overwintering of this arbovirus","volume":"26","author":"Danielova","year":"1979","journal-title":"Folia Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_196","first-page":"441","article-title":"Tahyna virus transovarial transmission, trials in Aedes caspius","volume":"36","author":"Moreau","year":"1976","journal-title":"Med. Trop."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.59.1.1-7.1986","article-title":"Virulence of La Crosse virus is under polygenic control","volume":"59","author":"Janssen","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1139\/m74-040","article-title":"Vector capability of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes for California encephalitis and dengue viruses at various temperatures","volume":"20","author":"McLean","year":"1974","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snyman, J., Snyman, L.P., Buhler, K.J., Villeneuve, C.-A., Leighton, P.A., Jenkins, E.J., and Kumar, A. (2023). California Serogroup viruses in a changing Canadian Arctic: A review. Viruses, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061242"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6781068","article-title":"Molecular basis of bunyavirus transmission by mosquitoes: Role of the middle-sized RNA segment","volume":"211","author":"Beaty","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.4.1295","article-title":"Molecular basis of bunyavirus per os infection of mosquitoes: Role of the middle-sized RNA segment","volume":"79","author":"Beaty","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3173","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-12-3173","article-title":"Bunyavirus superinfection and segment reassortment in transovarially infected mosquitoes","volume":"80","author":"Borucki","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansen, S., H\u00f6ller, P., Helms, M., Lange, U., Becker, N., Schmidt-Chanasit, J., L\u00fchken, R., and Heitmann, A. (2024). Mosquitoes from Europe Are Able to Transmit Snowshoe Hare Virus. Viruses, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/v16020222"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1975.24.676","article-title":"California encephalitis virus prevalence throughout the Yukon Territory, 1971\u20131974","volume":"24","author":"McLean","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1139\/m82-086","article-title":"Activity of California encephalitis group viruses in Entrelacs (province of Quebec, Canada)","volume":"28","author":"Belloncik","year":"1982","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.1940","article-title":"Detection of Sindbis and Inkoo virus RNA in genetically typed mosquito larvae sampled in Northern Sweden","volume":"16","author":"Spyckerelle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.41.355","article-title":"Ecologic studies of mosquitoes and birds as hosts of Ockelbo virus in Sweden and isolation of Inkoo and Batai viruses from mosquitoes","volume":"41","author":"Francy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_208","unstructured":"Wesula Lwande, O., Bucht, G., Ahlm, C., and Evander, M. (2017). Inkoo virus: A common but unrecognized mosquito-borne virus in northern Europe. Infect. Dis. Hub."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.09.022","article-title":"Full genomic characterization of California serogroup viruses, genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae including phylogenetic relationships","volume":"512","author":"Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1982.31.382","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficiency of transovarial transmission of California encephalitis viral strains in Aedes dorsalis and Aedes melanimon","volume":"31","author":"Turell","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1982.31.1021","article-title":"Transovarial and trans-stadial transmission of California encephalitis virus in Aedes dorsalis and Aedes melanimon","volume":"31","author":"Turell","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1982.31.1252","article-title":"Stabilized infection of California encephalitis virus in Aedes dorsalis, and its implications for viral maintenance in nature","volume":"31","author":"Turell","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-75-3-597","article-title":"The s rna genome segments of batai, cache valley, guaroa, kairi, lumbo, main drain and northway bunyaviruses: Sequence determination and analysis","volume":"75","author":"Dunn","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80122-0","article-title":"Analysis of the medium (M) segment sequence of Guaroa virus and its comparison to other orthobunyaviruses","volume":"85","author":"Briese","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_215","first-page":"69","article-title":"As aves como hospedeiras de arbov\u00edrus na Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira","volume":"8","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bol. Mus. Para. Em\u00edlio Goeldi. Nova S\u00e9rie. Zool."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shope, R.E., and Woodall, J.P. (2019). The epidemiology of diseases caused by viruses in Groups C and Guama (Bunyaviridae). Arboviruses, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429280276-3"},{"key":"ref_217","unstructured":"Karabatsos, N. (1985). American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, American Committee on Arthropod-borne Viruses, and and Rockefeller Foundation. International Catalogue of Arboviruses, Including Certain Other Viruses of Vertebrates, Subcommittee on Information Exchange of the American Committee on Arthropod-Borne Viruses. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2802.203810","article-title":"Role of Anopheles mosquitoes in Cache Valley virus lineage displacement, New York, USA","volume":"28","author":"Dieme","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1320","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac566","article-title":"Transfusion-transmitted Cache Valley virus infection in a kidney transplant recipient with meningoencephalitis","volume":"76","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab175","article-title":"Reassortant Cache Valley virus associated with acute febrile, nonneurologic illness, Missouri","volume":"73","author":"Baker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunlop, J.I., Szemiel, A.M., Navarro, A., Wilkie, G.S., Tong, L., Modha, S., Mair, D., Sreenu, V.B., Da Silva Filipe, A., and Li, P. (2018). Development of reverse genetics systems and investigation of host response antagonism and reassortment potential for Cache Valley and Kairi viruses, two emerging orthobunyaviruses of the Americas. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006884"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1139\/m80-048","article-title":"Cache Valley virus: Experimental infection in Culiseta inornata","volume":"26","author":"Corner","year":"1980","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1990.tb07791.x","article-title":"An investigation of transovarial transmission of Akabane virus in Culicoides brevitarsis","volume":"67","author":"Allingham","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.06.007","article-title":"Genetic diversity and reassortments among Akabane virus field isolates","volume":"130","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kading, R.C., Crabtree, M.B., Bird, B.H., Nichol, S.T., Erickson, B.R., Horiuchi, K., Biggerstaff, B.J., and Miller, B.R. (2014). Deletion of the NSm virulence gene of Rift Valley fever virus inhibits virus replication in and dissemination from the midgut of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002670"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1990.43.677","article-title":"Transmission of Rift Valley fever virus by adult mosquitoes after ingestion of virus as larvae","volume":"43","author":"Turell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.2987\/11-6169.1","article-title":"Potential for canadian mosquitoes to transmit rift valley fever virus1","volume":"27","author":"Iranpour","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.2987\/08-5791.1","article-title":"Potential for North American Mosquitoes to Transmit Rift Valley Fever Virus1","volume":"24","author":"Turell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2002.00371.x","article-title":"The 2000 epidemic of Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia: Mosquito vector studies","volume":"16","author":"Jupp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_230","first-page":"127","article-title":"Vector studies on Rift Valley fever virus in South Africa","volume":"58","author":"McIntosh","year":"1980","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seufi, A.M., and Galal, F.H. (2010). Role of Culex and Anopheles mosquito species as potential vectors of rift valley fever virus in Sudan outbreak, 2007. BMC Infect. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-65"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0009","article-title":"Potential vectors of Rift Valley fever virus in the Mediterranean region","volume":"8","author":"Moutailler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2016.391","article-title":"Mosquito breeding site water temperature observations and simulations towards improved vector-borne disease models for Africa","volume":"11","author":"Asare","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geospat. Health"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.50.448","article-title":"Effect of the developmental stage at infection on the ability of adult Anopheles stephensi to transmit Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"50","author":"Turell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1603\/ME13049","article-title":"Potential for mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Florida to transmit Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"50","author":"Turell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0031","article-title":"Detection, isolation, and genetic characterization of Rift Valley fever virus from Anopheles (Anopheles) coustani, Anopheles (Anopheles) squamosus, and Culex (Culex) antennatus of the Haute Matsiatra region, Madagascar","volume":"11","author":"Ratovonjato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1564","article-title":"Blood meal analysis and virus detection in blood-fed mosquitoes collected during the 2006\u20132007 Rift Valley fever outbreak in Kenya","volume":"14","author":"Lutomiah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_238","first-page":"64","article-title":"Rapport du laboratoire d\u2019Arbovirus pour 1978","volume":"47","author":"Clerc","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch. L\u2019institut Pasteur Madag."},{"key":"ref_239","first-page":"1","article-title":"Illustrated keys to the mosquitoes of Thailand III. Genera aedeomyia, ficalbia, mimomyia, hodgesia, coquillettidia, mansonia, and uranotaenia","volume":"37","author":"Rattanarithikul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_240","unstructured":"Forattini, O.P. (1996). Culicidologia M\u00e9dica: Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o, Biologia, Epidemiologia, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Press."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2987\/21-7007.1","article-title":"Evaluation of Mansonia spp. infestation on aquatic plants in lentic and lotic environments of the Madeira River basin in Porto Velho, Rond\u00f4nia, Brazil","volume":"37","author":"Mello","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc."},{"key":"ref_242","first-page":"391","article-title":"Rift Valley fever: 1. Vector studies in the field","volume":"43","author":"McIntosh","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_243","unstructured":"Hopkins, G.H. (1952). Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region. I. Larval bionomics of Mosquitoes and Taxonomy of Culicine Larvae, British Museum (Natural History) & B. Quaritch, Ltd.. [2nd ed.]. Available online: https:\/\/www.cabidigitallibrary.org\/doi\/full\/10.5555\/19532901687."},{"key":"ref_244","first-page":"850","article-title":"Laboratory colonization of Aedes simpsoni (Theobald) and Eretmapodites quinquevittatus Theobald","volume":"45","author":"Hartberg","year":"1971","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106835","article-title":"Evidence of Eretmapodites subsimplicipes and Aedes albopictus as competent vectors for Rift Valley fever virus transmission in Mayotte","volume":"239","author":"Lebon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1978.27.184","article-title":"Laboratory studies of transovarial transmission of trivittatus virus by Aedes trivittatus","volume":"27","author":"Christensen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1971.20.139","article-title":"California group arboviruses in Florida. Host-vector relations","volume":"20","author":"Taylor","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1980.29.657","article-title":"Experimental studies on the transovarial transmission of Kunjin and San Angelo viruses in mosquitoes","volume":"29","author":"Tesh","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1980.29.1394","article-title":"The mechanism of arbovirus transovarial transmission in mosquitoes: San Angelo virus in Aedes albopict\u00f9s","volume":"29","author":"Tesh","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1981.30.212","article-title":"The location of San Angelo virus in developing ovaries of transovarially infected Aedes albopictus mosquitoes as revealed by fluorescent antibody technique","volume":"30","author":"Tesh","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_251","first-page":"446","article-title":"Vector competence of North and South American strains of Aedes albopictus for certain arboviruses: A review","volume":"7","author":"Mitchell","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc."},{"key":"ref_252","first-page":"255","article-title":"Arboviruses associated with mosquitoes from nine Florida counties during 1993","volume":"12","author":"Mitchell","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc.-Mosq. News"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1975.24.124","article-title":"Ecology of California encephalitis viruses on the Del Mar Va Peninsula. II. Demonstration of trans-ovarial transmission","volume":"24","author":"Suyemoto","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1964.13.456","article-title":"Vector studies in the St. Louis encephalitis epidemic, Tampa Bay area, Florida, 1962","volume":"13","author":"Chamberlain","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0594","article-title":"Diversity and Genetic Reassortment of Keystone Virus in Mosquito Populations in Florida","volume":"108","author":"Elbadry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mutisya, J., Kahato, M., Mulwa, F., Langat, S., Chepkorir, E., Arum, S., Tchouassi, D., Sang, R., and Lutomiah, J. (2021). Evaluating the vector competence of Aedes simpsoni sl from Kenyan coast for Ngari and Bunyamwera viruses. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253955"},{"key":"ref_257","first-page":"12","article-title":"Ngari virus (Bunyaviridae: Bunyavirus). First isolation from humans in Senegal, new mosquito vectors, its epidemiology","volume":"89","author":"Zeller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. (1990)"},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.47.742","article-title":"Arbovirus isolations from mosquitoes collected during 1988 in the Senegal River basin","volume":"47","author":"Gordon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.06.013","article-title":"First isolation of Bunyamwera virus (Bunyaviridae family) from horses with neurological disease and an abortion in Argentina","volume":"206","author":"Tauro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1603\/ME14063","article-title":"Vector competence of selected mosquito species in Kenya for Ngari and Bunyamwera viruses","volume":"51","author":"Odhiambo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.05.007","article-title":"Entry of bunyaviruses into mammalian cells","volume":"7","author":"Lozach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1064-7","article-title":"Mosquito-borne viruses in Europe","volume":"103","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1981.30.149","article-title":"Oropouche virus. I. A review of clinical, epidemiological, and ecological findings","volume":"30","author":"Pinheiro","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias, H.G., Dos Santos, F.B., and Pauvolid-Corr\u00eaa, A. (2022). An overview of neglected orthobunyaviruses in Brazil. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14050987"},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(01)00262-3","article-title":"Jatobal virus is a reassortant containing the small RNA of Oropouche virus","volume":"77","author":"Saeed","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguilar, P.V., Barrett, A.D., Saeed, M.F., Watts, D.M., Russell, K., Guevara, C., Ampuero, J.S., Suarez, L., Cespedes, M., and Montgomery, J.M. (2011). Iquitos virus: A novel reassortant Orthobunyavirus associated with human illness in Peru. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001315"},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.54.563","article-title":"Geographic distribution and serologic and genomic characterization of Morro Bay virus, a newly recognized bunyavirus","volume":"54","author":"Fulhorst","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/17\/2\/217\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:25:36Z","timestamp":1760027136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/17\/2\/217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"references-count":267,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["v17020217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v17020217","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]}}}