{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T19:55:24Z","timestamp":1774727724748,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DST-SERB (Govt. of India)","award":["EMR\/2016\/007608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMR\/2016\/007608"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor or neuron-restrictive silencer factor (REST\/NRSF) is an extensively studied neuronal gene regulator both in neuronal cells and non-neuronal cells. Even though the role of REST in host cellular gene regulation is well established, its role in the establishment of viral infections and its capability to stabilize and destabilize such viral infections are scarcely studied. Co-repressor and DNA modifiers are involved in REST-mediated repressive action of its target genes. The role of REST and co-repressors together or individually in the regulation of viral as well as host genes has been unraveled in a few viruses such as HIV and influenza as well as two of the herpesvirus family members, namely herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Here, we summarize all such virus studies involved with REST to gain a better insight into REST biology in virus infections. We also focus on unraveling the possible RE-1 binding sites in the Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) genome, a well-known human oncogenic herpesvirus that is associated with infectious mononucleosis and neoplasms such as B-cell lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, etc. An in silico-based approach was employed towards the prediction of such possible RE-1 binding elements in the EBV genome. This review advances the present knowledge of REST in virus infection which will aid in future efforts towards a better understanding of how REST acts in herpesviruses and other viruses for their infections and pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17020234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T05:53:22Z","timestamp":1739166802000},"page":"234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["REST Is Restless in Neuronal and Non-Neuronal Virus Infections: An In Silico Analysis-Based Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2261-982X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinod Soman","family":"Pillai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Virology (IAV), Bio 360 Life Sciences Park, Thonnakkal P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695317, India"},{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Cochin 682022, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Ravindran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Virology (IAV), Bio 360 Life Sciences Park, Thonnakkal P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695317, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gayathri","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Virology (IAV), Bio 360 Life Sciences Park, Thonnakkal P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695317, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandran S.","family":"Abhinand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Virology (IAV), Bio 360 Life Sciences Park, Thonnakkal P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695317, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3346-0383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shijulal","family":"Nelson-Sathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology (RGCB), Cheruvikkal Village Office Road, Aakkulam, Thiruvananthapuram 695585, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohanan Valiya","family":"Veettil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Virology (IAV), Bio 360 Life Sciences Park, Thonnakkal P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695317, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90298-8","article-title":"REST: A mammalian silencer protein that restricts sodium channel gene expression to neurons","volume":"80","author":"Chong","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7871435","article-title":"The neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF): A coordinate repressor of multiple neuron-specific genes","volume":"267","author":"Schoenherr","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.08.032","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation: Cancer, neurons and the REST","volume":"15","author":"Coulson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. 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