{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:00:20Z","timestamp":1790298020179,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]],"date-time":"2025-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00f5es","award":["0494\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0494\/20"]}]},{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00f5es","award":["02\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB), Programa de Pesquisa para o SUS (PPSUS)","award":["0494\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0494\/20"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB), Programa de Pesquisa para o SUS (PPSUS)","award":["02\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) has increased due to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. However, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic extends beyond mortality rates. Recent analyses suggest that the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 have significantly affected the epidemiology of other key respiratory viruses, such as influenza virus (FLUV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus (RV). These changes raise new questions about the dynamics and incidence of post-COVID-19 respiratory infections, as well as potential alterations in symptom profiles and clinical outcomes. In this study, we analyzed data from the Epidemiological Surveillance Information System of Respiratory Viral Agents (SIVEP-Gripe), established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, to examine the profile of SARI before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Our data reveal a distinct epidemiological pattern, with a significant decrease in FLUV notifications during the pandemic, accompanied by peaks in RSV and RV cases in late 2020. Additionally, there was a shift in the age distribution of RSV and other viral infections, with individuals infected during the pandemic being older than those infected before the pandemic. Interestingly, the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Bahia State resulted in a reduction in the frequency of symptoms associated with non-SARS-CoV-2 SARI, without altering clinical outcomes. Our findings suggest that the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 has contributed to a clinical and epidemiological shift, particularly for FLUV, RSV, and other viruses, marked by a reduction in symptoms such as fever, dyspnea, respiratory distress, and the need for ventilatory support. The underlying mechanisms driving these changes remain unclear. These insights are crucial for public health authorities and policymakers to refine surveillance strategies and enhance control measures for respiratory viruses, particularly those causing SARI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17030389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T08:46:41Z","timestamp":1741596401000},"page":"389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Bahia, Brazil: A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-Pandemic Trends"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"K\u00e1riton","family":"Magalh\u00e3es Bronze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacogen\u00f4mica e Epidemiologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (PPGCS), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1193-5453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uener Ribeiro","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade Ages de Medicina de Irec\u00ea, Colegiado de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Rua Atacad\u00e3o, Irec\u00ea 44900-000, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7360-6722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galileu","family":"Barbosa Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacogen\u00f4mica e Epidemiologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5203-012X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anai\u00e1 da Paix\u00e3o","family":"Sev\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia Animal (PPGCA), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9671-3181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u00edra","family":"Guimar\u00e3es Kersul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia Animal (PPGCA), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathianne","family":"Sacramento Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador 45652-050, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0556-8856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Rego Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacogen\u00f4mica e Epidemiologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia Animal (PPGCA), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Melo Mariano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacogen\u00f4mica e Epidemiologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3079-488X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra Rocha","family":"Gadelha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacogen\u00f4mica e Epidemiologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (PPGCS), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.194514","article-title":"Revision of clinical case definitions: Influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection","volume":"96","author":"Fitzner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull. 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