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After treatment, recurrence is frequent, and there are few follow-up options to detect it. This highlights the urgent need for less-invasive biomarkers to monitor affected patients. Methods: This study employed real-time PCR, targeting the E7 gene of HPV types 16 and 18 to analyze cell-free DNA from plasma samples from 39 cervical cancer patients treated at the Oncology Control Center Foundation in Amazonas, Brazil. Results: cf-HPV 16 DNA was detected in 54% of the samples before treatment. The socioeconomic and behavioral data showed that 46.2% of the patients had low educational levels, 77% reported having a low income, 79.5% experienced an early sexual activity onset, and 15.4% had never undergone cytological screening. Persistence or recurrence occurred in 30.8% of cases over 4\u201333 months of follow-up, with cf-HPV DNA detectable in 75% of these cases. Conclusions: cf-HPV DNA in plasma is a promising biomarker for post-treatment surveillance, facilitating the earlier detection of persistence\/recurrence. Incorporating this biomarker into clinical protocols could enhance outcomes and survival, particularly in underserved regions like the Amazon, where the access to healthcare is limited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17030409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T10:16:45Z","timestamp":1741861005000},"page":"409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Role of cf-HPV DNA as an Innovative Biomarker for Predicting the Recurrence or Persistence of Cervical Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"Poinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Aplicada\u2014PPGIBA, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura L. M. S.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas\u2014FCF, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Layane S.","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas\u2014FCF, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6499-2190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via N\u00edniver O.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Aplicada\u2014PPGIBA, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidy H. M. F.","family":"Rondon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Aplicada\u2014PPGIBA, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7366-784X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikele P.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Aplicada\u2014PPGIBA, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jhonnatan S.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Aplicada\u2014PPGIBA, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8964-810X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Higino F.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Centro de Controle de Oncologia do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-010, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Lira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Centro de Controle de Oncologia do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-010, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 E.","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da USP, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1259-9738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valqu\u00edria C. A.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Aplicada\u2014PPGIBA, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil"},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Centro de Controle de Oncologia do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-010, AM, Brazil"},{"name":"Rede de Vigil\u00e2ncia Gen\u00f4mica em Sa\u00fade, Otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o da Assist\u00eancia e Pesquisa no Estado do Amazonas\u2014REGESAM, Manaus 69040-010, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0922-5866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00e1tia L.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Aplicada\u2014PPGIBA, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil"},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Centro de Controle de Oncologia do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-010, AM, Brazil"},{"name":"Rede de Vigil\u00e2ncia Gen\u00f4mica em Sa\u00fade, Otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o da Assist\u00eancia e Pesquisa no Estado do Amazonas\u2014REGESAM, Manaus 69040-010, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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