{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:03:29Z","timestamp":1760058209515,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ciencia de Frontera 2019 and Direction of Research","award":["CONAHCYT 377883","HIM\/2021\/072","SIP20240310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONAHCYT 377883","HIM\/2021\/072","SIP20240310"]}]},{"name":"Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez","award":["CONAHCYT 377883","HIM\/2021\/072","SIP20240310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONAHCYT 377883","HIM\/2021\/072","SIP20240310"]}]},{"name":"Escuela Superior de Medicina IPN","award":["CONAHCYT 377883","HIM\/2021\/072","SIP20240310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONAHCYT 377883","HIM\/2021\/072","SIP20240310"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leukemia is a hematologic malignancy; acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent subtype among children rather than in adults. Orthoherpesviridae family members produce proteins during latent infection phases that may contribute to cancer development. One such protein, viral interleukin-10 (vIL-10), closely resembles human interleukin-10 (IL-10) in structure. Research has explored the involvement of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) in the pathogenesis of ALL. However, the limited characterization of its latent-phase proteins restricts a full understanding of the relationship between hCMV infection and leukemia progression. Studies have shown that hCMV induces an inflammatory response during infection, marked by the release of cytokines and chemokines. Inflammation may, therefore, play a role in how hCMV contributes to oncogenesis in pediatric ALL, possibly mediated by latent viral proteins. The classification of a virus as oncogenic is based on its alignment with cancer\u2019s established hallmarks. Viruses can manipulate host cellular mechanisms, causing dysregulated cell proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, and genomic instability. These processes lead to mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, and chronic inflammation, all of which are vital for carcinogenesis. This study aims to investigate the role of vIL-10 during the latent phase of hCMV as a potential factor in leukemia development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17030435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T10:43:51Z","timestamp":1742294631000},"page":"435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is the vIL-10 Protein from Cytomegalovirus Associated with the Potential Development of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ruvalcaba-Hern\u00e1ndez","family":"Pamela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"},{"name":"Posgrado en Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0949-461X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mata-Rocha","family":"Minerva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Gen\u00e9tica Humana, Hospital de Pediatr\u00eda, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Cuauht\u00e9moc 330, Doctores, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cruz-Mu\u00f1oz Mario","family":"Ernesto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8027-6231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mej\u00eda-Arangur\u00e9 Juan","family":"Manuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00f3mica Funcional del C\u00e1ncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1030-5938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e1nchez-Escobar","family":"Norberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Gen\u00e9tica Humana, Hospital de Pediatr\u00eda, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Cuauht\u00e9moc 330, Doctores, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06720, Mexico"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma \u201cBenito Ju\u00e1rez\u201d de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68120, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8359-913X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arenas-Huertero","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Patolog\u00eda Experimental, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melchor-Doncel","family":"de la Torre Silvia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rangel-L\u00f3pez","family":"Ang\u00e9lica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jim\u00e9nez-Hern\u00e1ndez","family":"Elva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Oncolog\u00eda, Hospital Pedi\u00e1trico Moctezuma SEDESA, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana, Mexico City 09769, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8070-9727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nu\u00f1ez-Enriquez Juan","family":"Carlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Epidemiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, Hospital de Pediatr\u00eda, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5299-759X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ochoa","family":"Sara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bacteriolog\u00eda Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2577-9973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xicohtencatl-Cortes","family":"Juan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bacteriolog\u00eda Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cruz-C\u00f3rdova","family":"Ariadnna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunoqu\u00edmica, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Figueroa-Arredondo","family":"Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7289-0821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arellano-Galindo","family":"Jos\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud Unidad Milpa Alta Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 12000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, J., Chan, S.C., Ngai, C.H., Lok, V., Zhang, L., Lucero-Prisno, D.E., Xu, W., Zheng, Z.-J., Elcarte, E., and Withers, M. (2022). Disease Burden, Risk Factors, and Trends of Leukaemia: A Global Analysis. Front. Oncol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.904292"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e577","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2017.53","article-title":"Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Comprehensive Review and 2017 Update","volume":"7","author":"Terwilliger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Puckett, Y., and Chan, O. (2025). Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamilton, S.T., Scott, G., Naing, Z., Iwasenko, J., Hall, B., Graf, N., Arbuckle, S., Craig, M.E., and Rawlinson, W.D. (2012). Human Cytomegalovirus-Induces Cytokine Changes in the Placenta with Implications for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052899"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8720","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.16.8720-8731.2004","article-title":"Human Cytomegalovirus-Encoded Interleukin-10 Homolog Inhibits Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Alters Their Functionality","volume":"78","author":"Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2015.06.012","article-title":"Viral Manipulation of the Host Immune Response","volume":"36","author":"Christiaansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rook, G.A.W. (2009). The \u2018Delayed Infection\u2019 (Aka \u2018Hygiene\u2019) Hypothesis for Childhood Leukaemia. The Hygiene Hypothesis and Darwinian Medicine, Birkh\u00e4user Basel.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7643-8903-1"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Gupta, M., and Shorman, M. (2025). Cytomegalovirus. StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30189-1","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus Infection in the Pregnant Mother, Fetus, and Newborn Infant","volume":"24","author":"Nelson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.23.5.163","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus Infection","volume":"23","author":"Pass","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2034","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2034","article-title":"Estimation of the Worldwide Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Zuhair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00582-z","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Human Cytomegalovirus in the Immunocompromised Host","volume":"19","author":"Griffiths","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.535","article-title":"Review and Meta-analysis of the Epidemiology of Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection","volume":"17","author":"Kenneson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"431","article-title":"Congenital CMV-Infection and Hearing Loss","volume":"54","author":"Lagasse","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Belg."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"213","article-title":"Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection","volume":"95","author":"Leung","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Natl. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2007.01.012","article-title":"Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infections","volume":"12","author":"Malm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198204223061601","article-title":"Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: The Relative Importance of Primary and Recurrent Maternal Infection","volume":"306","author":"Stagno","year":"1982","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01618.x","article-title":"Does Cytomegalovirus Play a Causative Role in the Development of Various Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer?","volume":"259","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2022.280826","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus Proteins, Maternal Pregnancy Cytokines, and Their Impact on Neonatal Immune Cytokine Profiles and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemogenesis in Children","volume":"107","author":"Wiemels","year":"2022","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00018-16","article-title":"Virion Glycoprotein-Mediated Immune Evasion by Human Cytomegalovirus: A Sticky Virus Makes a Slick Getaway","volume":"80","author":"Gardner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10990","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.20.10990","article-title":"Human Cytomegalovirus Inhibits Antigen Presentation by a Sequential Multistep Process","volume":"93","author":"Ahn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11327","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.21.11327","article-title":"Human Cytomegalovirus US3 Impairs Transport and Maturation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Heavy Chains","volume":"93","author":"Jones","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01324-08","article-title":"Human Cytomegalovirus-Encoded Immune Modulators Partner To Downregulate Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules","volume":"83","author":"Noriega","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10929","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.21.10929-10941.2002","article-title":"Inhibition of HLA-DR Assembly, Transport, and Loading by Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein US3: A Novel Mechanism for Evading Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Antigen Presentation","volume":"76","author":"Hegde","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81054-5","article-title":"The Human Cytomegalovirus US11 Gene Product Dislocates MHC Class I Heavy Chains from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Cytosol","volume":"84","author":"Wiertz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.12.8.2546","article-title":"Polyubiquitination Is Required for US11-Dependent Movement of MHC Class I Heavy Chain from Endoplasmic Reticulum into Cytosol","volume":"12","author":"Shamu","year":"2001","journal-title":"MBoC"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1038\/12478","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus US2 Destroys Two Components of the MHC Class II Pathway, Preventing Recognition by CD4+ T Cells","volume":"5","author":"Tomazin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5197","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.11.5197-5204.2001","article-title":"Human Cytomegalovirus US2 Endoplasmic Reticulum-Lumenal Domain Dictates Association with Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I in a Locus-Specific Manner","volume":"75","author":"Gewurz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11753","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.22.11753-11756.2002","article-title":"The Human Cytomegalovirus US10 Gene Product Delays Trafficking of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules","volume":"76","author":"Furman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091793","article-title":"The HCMV Membrane Glycoprotein US10 Selectively Targets HLA-G for Degradation","volume":"207","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80349-0","article-title":"The ER-Luminal Domain of the HCMV Glycoprotein US6 Inhibits Peptide Translocation by TAP","volume":"6","author":"Ahn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6904","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.13.6904","article-title":"The Human Cytomegalovirus US6 Glycoprotein Inhibits Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing-Dependent Peptide Translocation","volume":"94","author":"Lehner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.2.951-963.2006","article-title":"Human Cytomegalovirus Protein Pp71 Disrupts Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Cell Surface Expression","volume":"80","author":"Trgovcich","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10995","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.20.10995-11006.2004","article-title":"Major Human Cytomegalovirus Structural Protein Pp65 (ppUL83) Prevents Interferon Response Factor 3 Activation in the Interferon Response","volume":"78","author":"Abate","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2011.08.008","article-title":"Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Increases Mitochondrial Biogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Osenbroch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Longdon, B., Brockhurst, M.A., Russell, C.A., Welch, J.J., and Jiggins, F.M. (2014). The Evolution and Genetics of Virus Host Shifts. PLoS Pathog., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004395"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V100.8.2867","article-title":"Latent Cytomegalovirus Down-Regulates Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Expression on Myeloid Progenitors","volume":"100","author":"Slobedman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-021-02145-1","article-title":"Viral and Cellular Oncogenes Promote Immune Evasion","volume":"41","author":"Roetman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herbein, G. (2018). The Human Cytomegalovirus, from Oncomodulation to Oncogenesis. Viruses, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/v10080408"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Baba, R., and Herbein, G. (2021). Immune Landscape of CMV Infection in Cancer Patients: From \u201cCanonical\u201d Diseases Toward Virus-Elicited Oncomodulation. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.730765"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.154.5.1636","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus Causes a Latent Infection in Undifferentiated Cells and Is Activated by Induction of Cell Differentiation","volume":"154","author":"Dutko","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1586\/14789450.2014.971116","article-title":"The Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection: Lessons from Proteomics","volume":"11","author":"Cristea","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richman, D.D., Whitley, R.J., and Hayden, F.G. (2009). Cytomegalovirus. Clinical Virology, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555815981"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6629","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00384-11","article-title":"The Human Cytomegalovirus Gene Products Essential for Late Viral Gene Expression Assemble into Prereplication Complexes before Viral DNA Replication","volume":"85","author":"Isomura","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.63.6.2699-2708.1989","article-title":"Regulated Expression of Early and Late RNAs and Proteins from the Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate-Early Gene Region","volume":"63","author":"Stenberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"48","article-title":"Metabolic and Cellular Effects of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection","volume":"23","author":"Albrecht","year":"1991","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-12-026682","article-title":"Viral Gene Expression during the Establishment of Human Cytomegalovirus Latent Infection in Myeloid Progenitor Cells","volume":"108","author":"Cheung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.3.1440-1447.2004","article-title":"A Novel Viral Transcript with Homology to Human Interleukin-10 Is Expressed during Latent Human Cytomegalovirus Infection","volume":"78","author":"Jenkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70150","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.70150","article-title":"The Role of Viruses in Cellular Transformation and Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Damian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Rep."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70197","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70197","article-title":"Metabolic Reprogramming in Epstein\u2013Barr Virus Associated Diseases","volume":"97","author":"Yee","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2023.5275","article-title":"Epstein-Barr Virus as a Promoter of Tumorigenesis in the Tumor Microenvironment of Breast Cancer (Review)","volume":"52","author":"Ochoa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-023-00682-3","article-title":"HPV E6\/E7: Insights into Their Regulatory Role and Mechanism in Signaling Pathways in HPV-Associated Tumor","volume":"31","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.10.007","article-title":"HBx Acts as an Oncogene and Promotes the Invasion and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Both in Vivo and Vitro","volume":"53","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81735-0","article-title":"NS3 Protein of Hepatitis C Virus Associates with the Tumour Suppressor P53 and Inhibits Its Function in an NS3 Sequence-Dependent Manner","volume":"87","author":"Deng","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohanty, S., and Harhaj, E.W. (2020). Mechanisms of Oncogenesis by HTLV-1 Tax. Pathogens, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9070543"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.149","article-title":"Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Renal Fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05369-y","article-title":"The Battle between Host Antiviral Innate Immunity and Immune Evasion by Cytomegalovirus","volume":"81","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, C., He, S., Zhu, W., Ru, P., Ge, X., and Govindasamy, K. (2023). Human Cytomegalovirus in Cancer: The Mechanism of HCMV-Induced Carcinogenesis and Its Therapeutic Potential. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1202138"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(03)00099-1","article-title":"Viral Inhibition of MHC Class II Antigen Presentation","volume":"24","author":"Hegde","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22647","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013794108","article-title":"Attenuation of Innate Immunity by Cytomegalovirus IL-10 Establishes a Long-Term Deficit of Adaptive Antiviral Immunity","volume":"107","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5771","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.9.5771","article-title":"IL-10: The Master Regulator of Immunity to Infection","volume":"180","author":"Couper","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.2.353","article-title":"Human IL-10 Is Produced by Both Type 1 Helper (Th1) and Type 2 Helper (Th2) T Cell Clones and Inhibits Their Antigen-Specific Proliferation and Cytokine Production","volume":"150","author":"Almerigogna","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.11.3170","article-title":"Alteration of Cell-Surface Proteins by Viral Transformation and by Proteolysis","volume":"70","author":"Hynes","year":"1973","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.3383","article-title":"Shaping Phenotype, Function, and Survival of Dendritic Cells by Cytomegalovirus-Encoded IL-10","volume":"173","author":"Raftery","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.6.2207","article-title":"Interleukin 10 (IL-10) Inhibits the Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines from Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes. Evidence for an Autocrine Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor and IL-1 Beta in Mediating the Production of IL-8 Triggered by Lipopolysaccharide","volume":"178","author":"Cassatella","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.5.1209","article-title":"Interleukin 10(IL-10) Inhibits Cytokine Synthesis by Human Monocytes: An Autoregulatory Role of IL-10 Produced by Monocytes","volume":"174","author":"Abrams","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herbein, G. (2022). Tumors and Cytomegalovirus: An Intimate Interplay. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14040812"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2007.12.005","article-title":"Viruses Associated with Human Cancer","volume":"1782","author":"Munger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.011","article-title":"Human Viral Oncogenesis: A Cancer Hallmarks Analysis","volume":"15","author":"Mesri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4047","DOI":"10.3390\/v6104047","article-title":"Human Viruses and Cancer","volume":"6","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mui, U., Haley, C., and Tyring, S. (2017). Viral Oncology: Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis. J. Clin. Med., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm6120111"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.81178","article-title":"The Story of Human Cytomegalovirus and Cancer: Increasing Evidence and Open Questions","volume":"11","author":"Michaelis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70096-8","article-title":"A Review of Human Carcinogens\u2014Part B: Biological Agents","volume":"10","author":"Bouvard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5798","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200901917","article-title":"The Search for Infectious Causes of Human Cancers: Where and Why (Nobel Lecture)","volume":"48","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.1970.0006","article-title":"Malignant Transformation of Cells by Viruses","volume":"14","author":"Temin","year":"1970","journal-title":"Perspect. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01322","article-title":"Inflammation and Cancer","volume":"420","author":"Coussens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/132.2.209","article-title":"Diseases and Mechanisms of Persistent DNA Virus Infection: Latency and Cellular Transformation","volume":"132","author":"Pagano","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_56_18","article-title":"Inflammation and Cancer","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Afr. Med."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1159\/000150264","article-title":"Oncogenic Transformation by Cellular DNA Isolated from Human Cytomegalovirus-Lnfected Cells","volume":"34","author":"Boldogh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herbein, G. (2024). Cellular Transformation by Human Cytomegalovirus. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16111970"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860120409","article-title":"Induction of Chromosome Aberrations and Mitotic Arrest by Cytomegalovirus in Human Cells","volume":"12","author":"Abubakar","year":"1988","journal-title":"Environ. Mutagen"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6697","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.11.6697-6704.1995","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus Infection Induces High Levels of Cyclins, Phosphorylated Rb, and P53, Leading to Cell Cycle Arrest","volume":"69","author":"Jault","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.10.9.1054","article-title":"P53: Puzzle and Paradigm","volume":"10","author":"Ko","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5012","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00175-15","article-title":"The Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor Promotes Efficient Human Cytomegalovirus Lytic Replication","volume":"89","author":"VanDeusen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)01604-5","article-title":"Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate Early Proteins Upregulate Endothelial P53 Function","volume":"474","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"1531","article-title":"Cytoplasmic Sequestration of P53 in Cytomegalovirus-Infected Human Endothelial Cells","volume":"149","author":"Kovacs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.12.013","article-title":"An Intact Sequence-Specific DNA-Binding Domain Is Required for Human Cytomegalovirus-Mediated Sequestration of P53 and May Promote in Vivo Binding to the Viral Genome during Infection","volume":"348","author":"Rosenke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s001090000157","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus Inhibits P53 Nuclear Localization Signal Function","volume":"78","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1689075","article-title":"Activation of Proto-Oncogenes: An Immediate Early Event in Human Cytomegalovirus Infection","volume":"247","author":"Boldogh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8028","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.17.8028-8037.2000","article-title":"Role of Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate-Early Proteins in Cell Growth Control","volume":"74","author":"Castillo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.7.3341","article-title":"Human Cytomegalovirus IE1 and IE2 Proteins Are Mutagenic and Mediate \u201cHit-and-Run\u201d Oncogenic Transformation in Cooperation with the Adenovirus E1A Proteins","volume":"94","author":"Shen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.058966-0","article-title":"IL-10 Encoded by Viruses: A Remarkable Example of Independent Acquisition of a Cellular Gene by Viruses and Its Subsequent Evolution in the Viral Genome","volume":"95","author":"Ouyang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.08.005","article-title":"The Evolution of Large DNA Viruses: Combining Genomic Information of Viruses and Their Hosts","volume":"12","author":"Shackelton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.09.011","article-title":"Identification of Novel Viral Interleukin-10 Isoforms of Human Cytomegalovirus AD169","volume":"131","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herbein, G. (2022). High-Risk Oncogenic Human Cytomegalovirus. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112462"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9618","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01098-09","article-title":"Virus-Encoded Homologs of Cellular Interleukin-10 and Their Control of Host Immune Function","volume":"83","author":"Slobedman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waters, S., Lee, S., Ariyanto, I., Kresoje, N., Leary, S., Munyard, K., Gaudieri, S., Irish, A., Keil, A.D., and Allcock, R.J.N. (2022). Sequencing of the Viral UL111a Gene Directly from Clinical Specimens Reveals Variants of HCMV-Encoded IL-10 That Are Associated with Altered Immune Responses to HCMV. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094644"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.09.002","article-title":"Expression of a Human Cytomegalovirus Latency-Associated Homolog of Interleukin-10 during the Productive Phase of Infection","volume":"370","author":"Jenkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pantale\u00e3o, S.Q., Camillo, L.D.M.B., Neves, T.C., Menezes, I.D.G., Stangherlin, L.M., Batista, H.B.D.C.R., Poole, E., Nevels, M., Philot, E.A., and Scott, A.L. (2022). Molecular Modelling of the HCMV IL-10 Protein Isoforms and Analysis of Their Interaction with the Human IL-10 Receptor. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277953"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2010.11.001","article-title":"IL-10 Family of Cytokines","volume":"21","author":"Sabat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2010.09.002","article-title":"Biology of Interleukin-10","volume":"21","author":"Sabat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10273","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00912-13","article-title":"Human Cytomegalovirus Interleukin-10 Polarizes Monocytes toward a Deactivated M2c Phenotype To Repress Host Immune Responses","volume":"87","author":"Avdic","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11520","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.21.11520","article-title":"Direct Evidence to Support the Role of HLA-G in Protecting the Fetus from Maternal Uterine Natural Killer Cytolysis","volume":"94","author":"Menier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2221797120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2221797120","article-title":"Genomic and Geographical Structure of Human Cytomegalovirus","volume":"120","author":"Charles","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03231-1","article-title":"Natural Cytotoxic Activity of Peripheral-Blood Lymphocytes and Cancer Incidence: An 11-Year Follow-up Study of a General Population","volume":"356","author":"Imai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1400972","article-title":"Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children","volume":"373","author":"Hunger","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3845","article-title":"Type I Interferons in Anticancer Immunity","volume":"15","author":"Zitvogel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.11.042","article-title":"Mutations in PI3K110\u03b4 Cause Impaired Natural Killer Cell Function Partially Rescued by Rapamycin Treatment","volume":"142","author":"Chinn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI66466","article-title":"CCDC22 Deficiency in Humans Blunts Activation of Proinflammatory NF-\u03baB Signaling","volume":"123","author":"Starokadomskyy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.3.1319","article-title":"A Role for NF-\u03baB Activation in Perforin Expression of NK Cells Upon IL-2 Receptor Signaling","volume":"169","author":"Zhou","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-019-02595-0","article-title":"Identification of a Novel CCDC22 Mutation in a Patient with Severe Epstein\u2013Barr Virus-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Aggressive Natural Killer Cell Leukemia","volume":"109","author":"Yamashita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moon, W.Y., and Powis, S.J. (2019). Does Natural Killer Cell Deficiency (NKD) Increase the Risk of Cancer? NKD May Increase the Risk of Some Virus Induced Cancer. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01703"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60224","article-title":"MCM4 Mutation Causes Adrenal Failure, Short Stature, and Natural Killer Cell Deficiency in Humans","volume":"122","author":"Hughes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.07.020","article-title":"Natural Killer Cell Deficiency","volume":"132","author":"Orange","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3048","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-06-435297","article-title":"STAT3 Mutations Unify the Pathogenesis of Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorders of NK Cells and T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia","volume":"120","author":"Jerez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2435-3","article-title":"A Novel Anti-Viral Role for STAT3 in IFN-\u03b1 Signalling Responses","volume":"74","author":"Mahony","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-10-381921","article-title":"EBV-Associated T\/NK\u2013Cell Lymphoproliferative Diseases in Nonimmunocompromised Hosts: Prospective Analysis of 108 Cases","volume":"119","author":"Kimura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2016.11.003","article-title":"NK Cells in Host Responses to Viral Infections","volume":"44","author":"Lam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-18-0403","article-title":"Sustained Type I Interferon Reinforces NK Cell\u2013Mediated Cancer Immunosurveillance during Chronic Virus Infection","volume":"7","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0334-0","article-title":"Defective Epstein\u2013Barr Virus in Chronic Active Infection and Haematological Malignancy","volume":"4","author":"Okuno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.1.1.9868","article-title":"Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection Drives Spontaneous Proliferation of Natural Killer Cells","volume":"1","author":"Norris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E198","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26528","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Cytomegalovirus-positive Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia at Diagnosis","volume":"97","author":"Gallant","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200006000-00003","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus Urinary Excretion and Long Term Outcome in Children with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Pediatr","volume":"19","author":"Noyola","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-07-723148","article-title":"In Utero Cytomegalovirus Infection and Development of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"129","author":"Francis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishikawa, S., Tasaki, M., Saito, K., Nakagawa, Y., Ikeda, M., Takahashi, K., and Tomita, Y. (2023). Long-Term CMV Monitoring and Chronic Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1190794"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pastorczak, A., Domka, K., Fidyt, K., Poprzeczko, M., and Firczuk, M. (2021). Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13071536"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/BS9.0000000000000014","article-title":"Macrophages in Leukemia Microenvironment","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Sci."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2010.06.012","article-title":"Immunosenescence and Cancer","volume":"75","author":"Pawelec","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3960\/jslrt.21007","article-title":"Tumor Microenvironment of Adult T-Cell Leukemia\/Lymphoma","volume":"61","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Hematop."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-02-487074","article-title":"CMV Reactivation after Allogeneic HCT and Relapse Risk: Evidence for Early Protection in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"122","author":"Green","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.06.008","article-title":"Early Cytomegalovirus Reactivation and Expansion of CD56brightCD16dim\/\u2212DNAM1+ Natural Killer Cells Are Associated with Antileukemia Effect after Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Leukemia","volume":"25","author":"Jang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2013.10.003","article-title":"Protective Effect of Cytomegalovirus Reactivation on Relapse after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Is Influenced by Conditioning Regimen","volume":"20","author":"Manjappa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13152","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus: An Unlikely Ally in the Fight against Blood Cancers?","volume":"193","author":"Bigley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-04-639088","article-title":"UV-Inactivated HSV-1 Potently Activates NK Cell Killing of Leukemic Cells","volume":"127","author":"Samudio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0632-y","article-title":"Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Orchestrate Innate and Adaptive Anti-Tumor Immunity Induced by Oncolytic Coxsackievirus A21","volume":"7","author":"Holmes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pupuleku, A., Costa-Garc\u00eda, M., Farr\u00e9, D., Hengel, H., Angulo, A., Muntasell, A., and L\u00f3pez-Botet, M. (2017). Elusive Role of the CD94\/NKG2C NK Cell Receptor in the Response to Cytomegalovirus: Novel Experimental Observations in a Reporter Cell System. Front. Immunol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01317"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3664","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-05-2058","article-title":"Imprint of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection on the NK Cell Receptor Repertoire","volume":"104","author":"Angulo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.135","article-title":"Expansion of Highly Differentiated CD8+ T-Cells or NK-Cells in Patients Treated with Dasatinib Is Associated with Cytomegalovirus Reactivation","volume":"25","author":"Kreutzman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.174","article-title":"Principal Component Analysis Uncovers Cytomegalovirus-Associated NK Cell Activation in Ph+ Leukemia Patients Treated with Dasatinib","volume":"31","author":"Ishiyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302053","article-title":"Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Promotes Rapid Maturation of NK Cells Expressing Activating Killer Ig\u2013like Receptor in Patients Transplanted with NKG2C\u2212\/\u2212 Umbilical Cord Blood","volume":"192","author":"Falco","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/17\/3\/435\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:55:57Z","timestamp":1760028957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/17\/3\/435"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"references-count":141,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["v17030435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v17030435","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4915"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]}}}