{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T21:02:24Z","timestamp":1793826144983,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK National Institute for Health and care Research"},{"name":"The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation"},{"name":"IndCEPI Mission of BIRAC, Department of Biotechnology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus transmitted by mosquitos that poses a threat to global public health and for which there is an urgent need for widespread access to globally licensed vaccines. Here, we demonstrate that an inactivated CHIKV vaccine (BBV87) protects against systemic infection with CHIKV in a non-human primate (NHP) challenge model. Groups of five cynomolgus macaques received two doses of 20 \u00b5g BBV87 vaccine or saline alone (28 days apart). Twenty-eight days after the second immunisation, all animals were challenged with CHIKV. All controls were productively infected with detectable viremia and pathological responses following challenge, including altered thermoregulation, haematological and cytokine changes. Critically, the histopathological analysis of finger joints identified areas of inflammation in the synovium. By contrast vaccinated macaques had no detectable viremia and none of the pathological changes were reported in control animals. This study demonstrates that a 20 \u00b5g dose of BBV87 vaccine confers robust protection in vivo, both on the acquisition of infection and pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17040550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T05:28:07Z","timestamp":1744262887000},"page":"550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Inactivated Viral Vaccine BBV87 Protects Against Chikungunya Virus Challenge in a Non-Human Primate Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4309-1489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Kempster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Research, Diagnostics, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms EN6 3QG, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Research, Diagnostics, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms EN6 3QG, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0734-2129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Research, Diagnostics, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms EN6 3QG, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Research, Diagnostics, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms EN6 3QG, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Research, Diagnostics, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms EN6 3QG, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Research, Diagnostics, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms EN6 3QG, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6027-1879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon L.","family":"Priestnall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0296-5896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Suarez-Bonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1825-1054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Roques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB\/IDMIT), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4928-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Le Grand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB\/IDMIT), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumathy","family":"Kandaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bharat Biotech International Ltd., Hyderabad 500078, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushant","family":"Sahastrabuddhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Vaccine Institute (IVI), Seoul 08800, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9386-2907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Libia Milena","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Vaccine Institute (IVI), Seoul 08800, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunee","family":"Chuasuwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Vaccine Institute (IVI), Seoul 08800, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1534-1323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeon Seon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Vaccine Institute (IVI), Seoul 08800, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deok Ryun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Vaccine Institute (IVI), Seoul 08800, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anh","family":"Wartel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Vaccine Institute (IVI), Seoul 08800, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1829-058X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rapha\u00ebl M.","family":"Zellweger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Vaccine Institute (IVI), Seoul 08800, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Research, Diagnostics, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms EN6 3QG, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6105-0616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Almond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Research, Diagnostics, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms EN6 3QG, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puntasecca, C.J., King, C.H., and LaBeaud, A.D. 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