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In this study, a highly virulent N-GPV strain NMG21 was serially passaged in duck embryo fibroblast cells (DEFs). The virus titers and virulence of selected passages were evaluated in 1-day-old ducklings. An increased virus titer was observed at the 5th passage (P5). Compared with the parent strain NMG21, the P35 (NMG21-35 strain) has a clear decrease in pathogenicity for ducklings, with less tissue damage. The NMG21-35 also exhibited relatively lower tissue replication rates and higher antibody levels. Collectively, the virulence of N-GPV strain NMG21 was reduced via serial passage in DEFs for 35 passages. Our research successfully prepared a N-GPV attenuated variant which might serve as a potential live vaccine candidate against N-GPV infection. Developing a live attenuated vaccine candidate against N-GPV infection in China is crucial for mitigating the economic impact of N-GPV on the duck industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17050618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T08:02:57Z","timestamp":1745568177000},"page":"618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Attenuation of a Novel Goose Parvovirus Strain NMG21 via Serial Cell Passage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Ji\u2019nan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai\u2019an 271018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingrong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai\u2019an 271018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Ji\u2019nan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yupei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Ji\u2019nan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Ji\u2019nan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2900-6321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai\u2019an 271018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youjiang","family":"Diao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Ji\u2019nan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Germeraad, E.A., Sanders, P., Hagenaars, T.J., de Jong, M.C.M., Beerens, N., and Gonzales, J.L. 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