{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T21:36:31Z","timestamp":1793223391071,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of near full-length HIV genomes was performed to investigate natural resistance to Fostemsavir (FTR) and Lenacapavir (LEN) at the quasispecies level in nine na\u00efve primary HIV infections harboring different HIV subtypes and recombinant forms. Reconstructed genomes provided a median (IQR) coverage for gag and env of 1710 (750\u20136063) and 1768 (871\u20135270), respectively. In the gp120 encoding region, the M426R variant was found with a frequency of 100% in two HIV subtypes B: one of these also showed the A204T variant at 100%. In the more conserved capsid coding region no mutations possibly related to LEN natural resistance were observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17050636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T11:35:13Z","timestamp":1746185713000},"page":"636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigation of Natural Resistance to Fostemsavir and Lenacapavir in Na\u00efve Primary Infections by Ultra-Deep Sequencing of near Full-Length HIV-1 Genomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0558-0610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Lazzari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Rozera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6351-2623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Gagliardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0240-7504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Mazzotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2975-8611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lavinia","family":"Fabeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Forbici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0331-2627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Berno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Cosentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIAGEN Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8182-5896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Girardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2121-4684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Antinori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7489-5271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4154-2434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella","family":"Abbate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofaa456","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa456","article-title":"Burden of Disease in PWH Harboring a Multidrug-Resistant Virus: Data from the PRESTIGIO Registry","volume":"7","author":"Galli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. 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