{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:02:38Z","timestamp":1792180958208,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["DA051893"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA051893"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["DA058536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA058536"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["MH134402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH134402"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microglia are the primary target and reservoir of HIV infection in the central nervous system (CNS), which contributes to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). However, studying HIV infection of microglia has been challenged by the limited availability of primary human microglial cells. To overcome this issue, investigators have developed various microglial models for HIV studies, including immortalized human microglial cell lines, HIV latently infected microglial clones, peripheral blood monocyte-derived microglia (MMG), induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia (iMg), and microglia-containing cerebral organoids (MCOs) from iPSCs. Though these models have been used in many laboratories, the published data about their expression of the specific human microglia markers and the HIV entry receptors are conflicting. In addition, there is limited information about their feasibility and applicability as a suitable model for acute and\/or latent HIV infection. This review provides a concise summary of the currently used human microglial models, with a focus on their suitability for NeuroHIV research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17050641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T11:35:13Z","timestamp":1746185713000},"page":"641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Human Microglia Models for NeuroHIV"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1798-1469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priyanka","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8152-6116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5235-0606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Zhe","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2022.101650","article-title":"Microglia in Antiviral Immunity of the Brain and Spinal Cord","volume":"60","author":"Bennett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. 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