{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:12:38Z","timestamp":1789708358765,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CONACYT-PRONACES","award":["303081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303081"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a leading cause of severe respiratory infections among children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic and the non-pharmacological interventions to mitigate it resulted in significant changes in HRSV epidemiology and seasonality patterns. Worldwide, there was a considerable reduction in the number of HRSV infections during that period, and the impact of those changes on genotype distribution is still not fully understood. In this work, we analyzed the genotypic characteristics of HRSV strains detected between 2021 and 2024 in Mexico with the aim of identifying changes in circulating lineages. HRSV positive samples collected in five states in Mexico were used. The complete viral attachment glycoprotein gene was sequenced, and phylogenetic inference was performed using datasets including all sequences available at GenBank and GISAID until 30 June 2024. We obtained 114 HRSV sequences (63.2% HRSV-A and 36.8% HRSV-B); 19 were from the 2021\u20132022 season, 53 from 2022\u20132023, and 42 from 2023\u20132024. All HRSV-A sequences clustered with sequences from other countries within A.D lineages, including A.D.1, A.D.3, A.D.5.1, and A.D.5.2 lineages. All HRSV-B sequences clustered in the B.D.E.1 lineage with sequences collected between 2020 and 2024. In conclusion, the characterization of HRSV viruses circulating in Mexico during and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and comparison to all available sequences reported to date corroborates that, on a global scale, HRSV-A viruses of several A.D lineages circulate simultaneously, while HRSV-B viruses are restricted to the B.D.E.1 lineage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17050651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T11:35:13Z","timestamp":1746185713000},"page":"651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genotypic Characterization of Human Respiratory Syncytial Viruses Detected in Mexico Between 2021 and 2024"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9062-2631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Marrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7284-0194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Escalante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"},{"name":"Microbiology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed (UASLP), Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3582-5120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Maria","family":"Wong-Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Torres-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"},{"name":"Microbiology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed (UASLP), Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Leonardo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1641-127X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Bautista-Carbajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Antonio","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1315-1246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda del Carmen","family":"Espinosa-Sotero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Mexico \u201cDr. Eduardo Liceaga\u201d, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Tabla-Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pedi\u00e1trico de Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de Mexico 04100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1744-9173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Rojas-Larios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Regional Universitario de los Servicios de Salud de Colima, Colima 28010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Ju\u00e1rez-Tob\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Central \u201cDr. Ignacio Morones Prieto\u201d, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7762-2882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital del Ni\u00f1o y la Mujer \u201cDr. Alberto L\u00f3pez Hermosa\u201d, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78364, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3342-0365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel Gabriel","family":"Alpuche-Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular de Plantas, Divisi\u00f3n de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica A.C., San Luis Potos\u00ed 78216, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4840-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Noyola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"},{"name":"Microbiology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed (UASLP), Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12726","article-title":"Human respiratory syncytial virus and influenza seasonality patterns-Early findings from the WHO global respiratory syncytial virus surveillance","volume":"14","author":"Chadha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S599","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa360","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospital admissions in children younger than 5 years in 7 European countries using coutinely Collected datasets","volume":"222","author":"Reeves","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. 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