{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T11:14:23Z","timestamp":1782386063798,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH) Minority Health and Health Disparities (MHD) Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Center for Research Resources (CRR)","award":["U54MD007579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007579"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH) Minority Health and Health Disparities (MHD) Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Center for Research Resources (CRR)","award":["U01CK000580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CK000580"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH) Minority Health and Health Disparities (MHD) Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Center for Research Resources (CRR)","award":["T32GM144896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM144896"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015096","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54MD007579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007579"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015096","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01CK000580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CK000580"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015096","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM144896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM144896"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","award":["U54MD007579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007579"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","award":["U01CK000580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CK000580"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","award":["T32GM144896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM144896"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Flaviviruses are a group of viruses transmitted mainly by mosquitoes and ticks, causing severe diseases in humans. Examples include dengue, Zika, West Nile virus, and yellow fever. They primarily affect individuals in tropical and subtropical regions, causing public health problems such as epidemic outbreaks and significant economic burdens due to hospitalizations and treatments. They share antigens, leading to cross-reactivity where antibodies generated against one flavivirus can react with others, complicating the accurate diagnosis of individual infections and making the development of treatments or vaccines more challenging. The role of T cells in the immune response to flaviviruses is a complex topic debated by scientists. On one hand, T cells help control infection by eliminating infected cells and protecting against disease. However, there is evidence that an excessive or dysregulated T cell response can cause tissue damage and worsen the disease, as seen in severe dengue cases. This duality underscores the complexity of the immune response to flavivirus infections, posing a significant challenge for researchers. Gaining a deeper understanding of the immune response at the cellular level, particularly the role of T follicular helper cells, can reveal new avenues of investigation that could lead to novel strategies for disease management. This review explores the dynamics of T cell responses, focusing on circulatory T follicular helper cells (cTFH), to enhance our understanding of flavivirus immunity and inform future interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17050652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T11:35:13Z","timestamp":1746185713000},"page":"652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Emerging Role of Circulating T Follicular Helper Cells in Dengue Virus Immunity: Balancing Protection and Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Paola N.","family":"Flores-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce 00716, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7988-7953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Collazo-Llera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce 00716, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8388-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiola A.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ponce Research Institute, Ponce 00716, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4810-0871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Rivera-Amill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce 00716, Puerto Rico"},{"name":"Ponce Research Institute, Ponce 00716, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holbrook, M.R. 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