{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:37:42Z","timestamp":1790228262290,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Mayo Clinic\u2019s Foundation for Medical Education and Research","award":["R01 AI134937-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI134937-01A1"]}]},{"name":"the Mayo Clinic\u2019s Foundation for Medical Education and Research","award":["T32 AI132165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI132165"]}]},{"name":"the National Institutes of Health awarded to VAS","award":["R01 AI134937-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI134937-01A1"]}]},{"name":"the National Institutes of Health awarded to VAS","award":["T32 AI132165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI132165"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe disease outbreaks in humans with high case fatality rates. EBOV requires adaptation to cause lethal disease in mice by acquiring single mutations in both the nucleoprotein (NP) and VP24 genes. As an attempt to model mouse-adapted EBOV (MA-EBOV), we engineered novel pentacistronic minigenomes (5xMG) containing a reporter gene, VP40, and glycoprotein genes as well as the NP and VP24 genes from either EBOV or MA-EBOV. The 5xMGs were constructed and optimized, and the produced transcription- and replication-competent virus-like particles (trVLPs) were demonstrated to infect several cell lines. Introduction of the mouse-adaptation mutations did not significantly impact the replication and transcription of the 5xMG or the relative infectivity of the trVLPs in vitro. This work demonstrates the development of the 5xMG system as a new versatile tool to study EBOV biology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17050688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T08:20:23Z","timestamp":1746778823000},"page":"688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of a Pentacistronic Ebola Virus Minigenome System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9755-950X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brady N.","family":"Zell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology and Gene Therapy Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaille A.","family":"Swenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology and Gene Therapy Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao-Chia","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8568-5664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Ebihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama 208-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Yamaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001955","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001955","article-title":"Forty-two years of responding to Ebola virus outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review","volume":"5","author":"Rugarabamu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. 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