{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:15:35Z","timestamp":1787030135917,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hantaviruses, including the Sin Nombre virus (SNV) and Andes virus (ANDV), are associated with severe global health risks, causing high mortality rates in hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) patients. Neutralizing antibodies are essential for virus clearance and survival, making neutralization assays critical for understanding immunity and evaluating therapeutic strategies. In this study, we developed a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based surrogate system expressing SNV and ANDV glycoproteins (GPCs), enabling neutralization studies under biosafety level 2 conditions. The neutralization titers obtained with the VSV-based system closely matched the findings from authentic hantavirus assays performed under biosafety level 3 conditions, confirming its potential as a useful tool for determining immune responses and advancing hantavirus research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17050723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T06:54:28Z","timestamp":1747724068000},"page":"723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluating Neutralizing Antibodies in Hantavirus-Infected Patients Using Authentic Virus and Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8383-282X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Punya","family":"Shrivastava-Ranjan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2416-2496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie A.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2748-5151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura K.","family":"McMullan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6714-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Payel","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpi","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel M.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5373-787X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike","family":"Flint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar G.","family":"Albari\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina F.","family":"Spiropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.09.017","article-title":"Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome","volume":"162","author":"Macneil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2612.202808","article-title":"Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome in Canada","volume":"26","author":"Warner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. 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