{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T19:25:29Z","timestamp":1783797929923,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gobierno de Navarra","award":["PC24-ECTIVAC-002-017-018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PC24-ECTIVAC-002-017-018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vaccination plays a pivotal role in the control and prevention of animal infectious diseases. However, no efficient and safe universal vaccines are currently registered for major pathogens such as influenza A virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). Here, we review the development of Sendai virus (SeV) vectors as a promising vaccine platform for animal diseases. Recombinant SeV vectors (rSeVv) possess several key features that make them highly suitable for developing vaccination strategies: (1) SeV has exclusively cytoplasmic replication cycle, therefore incapable of transforming host cells by integrating into the cellular genome, (2) rSeVv can accommodate large foreign gene\/s inserts (~5 kb) with strong but adjustable transgene expression, (3) can be propagated to high titers in both embryonated chicken eggs and mammalian cell lines, (4) exhibits potent infectivity across a broad range of mammalian cells from different animals species, (5) undergo transient replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of non-natural hosts, (6) has not been associated with disease in pigs, non-humans primates, and small ruminants, ensuring a favorable safety profile, and (7) induce a robust innate and cellular immune responses. Preclinical and clinical studies using rSeVv-based vaccines against influenza A virus, FMDV, SIV, and SRLV have yielded promising results. Therefore, this review highlights the potential of rSeVv-based vaccine platforms as a valuable strategy for combating animal viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17050737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T09:58:22Z","timestamp":1747821502000},"page":"737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Recombinant Sendai Virus Vectors as Novel Vaccine Candidates Against Animal Viruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9723-9004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lex","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, 177 Calle de Miguel Sevet, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, 177 Calle de Miguel Sevet, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1265-9139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rams\u00e9s","family":"Reina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Agrobiotecnolog\u00eda (CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra), 123 Avenida Pamplona, 31192 Mutilva, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.47604\/jah.2935","article-title":"Transient Impacts of Vaccination on Livestock Production: A Holistic Review","volume":"63","author":"Rajput","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfy001","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Livestock: Advances and Alternatives to Antibiotics","volume":"8","author":"Marquardt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Front."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Challenges in Having Vaccines Available to Control Transboundary Diseases of Livestock","volume":"42","author":"Lewis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-024-01341-3","article-title":"Revolutionizing Veterinary Health with Viral Vector-Based Vaccines","volume":"64","author":"Jogi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le, T.-V.L., Mironova, E., Garcin, D., and Compans, R.W. (2011). Induction of Influenza-Specific Mucosal Immunity by an Attenuated Recombinant Sendai Virus. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018780"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2015.12.009","article-title":"Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Sendai Virus Expressing the Capsid Precursor Polypeptide of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200006160-00030","article-title":"Elicitation of Protective Immunity against Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection by a Recombinant Sendai Virus Expressing the Gag Protein","volume":"14","author":"Kano","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-025-01475-2","article-title":"Characterization of a Recombinant Sendai Virus Vector Encoding the Small Ruminant Lentivirus Gag-P25: Antiviral Properties in Vitro and Transgene Expression in Sheep","volume":"56","author":"Glaria","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001328","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Paramyxoviridae","volume":"100","author":"Rima","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russell, C.J., and Hurwitz, J.L. (2021). Sendai Virus-Vectored Vaccines That Express Envelope Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13061023"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.58.62","article-title":"Newborn Virus Pneumonitis (Type Sendai). II. The Isolation of a New Virus","volume":"58","author":"Kuroya","year":"1953","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.07.068","article-title":"Robust IgA and IgG-Producing Antibody Forming Cells in the Diffuse-NALT and Lungs of Sendai Virus-Vaccinated Cotton Rats Associate with Rapid Protection against Human Parainfluenza Virus-Type 1","volume":"28","author":"Sealy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Yoshiyuki, N. (2013). Chapter 3: Concept and Technology Underlying Sendai Virus (SeV) Vector Development. Sendai Virus Vector: Advantages and Applications, Springer Nature. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120859","article-title":"Natural History of Sendai Virus Infection in Mice","volume":"88","author":"Parker","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60103-7","article-title":"Sendai Virus","volume":"23","author":"Ishida","year":"1978","journal-title":"Adv. Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.01.053","article-title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of Intranasal Murine Parainfluenza Virus Type 1 (Sendai Virus) in Healthy Human Adults","volume":"22","author":"Slobod","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(97)00217-X","article-title":"Intranasal Sendai Virus Vaccine Protects African Green Monkeys from Infection with Human Parainfluenza Virus-Type One","volume":"15","author":"Hurwitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2010.131","article-title":"Validation of Recombinant Sendai Virus in a Non-Natural Host Model","volume":"18","author":"Griesenbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.11.002","article-title":"Reassessing Conflicting Evolutionary Histories of the Paramyxoviridae and the Origins of Respiroviruses with Bayesian Multigene Phylogenies","volume":"10","author":"McCarthy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vew008","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vew008","article-title":"Sendai Virus Intra-Host Population Dynamics and Host Immunocompetence Influence Viral Virulence during in Vivo Passage","volume":"2","author":"Pena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virus Evol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwata, M., Kawabata, R., Morimoto, N., Takeuchi, R.F., Sakaguchi, T., Irie, T., and Osakada, F. (2024). Evolutionary Engineering and Characterization of Sendai Virus Mutants Capable of Persistent Infection and Autonomous Production. Front. Virol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fviro.2024.1363092"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6112","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.9.6112-6118.1996","article-title":"Functional Interaction of Paramyxovirus Glycoproteins: Identification of a Domain in Sendai Virus HN Which Promotes Cell Fusion","volume":"70","author":"Tanabayashi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7640","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01087-16","article-title":"Evidence That Receptor Destruction by the Sendai Virus Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Protein Is Responsible for Homologous Interference","volume":"90","author":"Goto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9237","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.11.9237-9246.1999","article-title":"Sendai Virus Gene Start Signals Are Not Equivalent in Reinitiation Capacity: Moderation at the Fusion Protein Gene","volume":"73","author":"Kato","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Fields, B.N., Knipe, D., and Howley, P.M. (1996). Paramyxoviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication. Fields Virology, Lippincott-Raven Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/14.4.1545","article-title":"Determination of the Complete Nucleotide Sequence of the Sendai Virus Genome RNA and the Predicted Amino Acid Sequences of the F, HN and L Proteins","volume":"14","author":"Shioda","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.10.029","article-title":"Structure and Dynamics of the Nucleocapsid-Binding Domain of the Sendai Virus Phosphoprotein in Solution","volume":"319","author":"Blanchard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7266","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.10.7266-7272.1997","article-title":"Importance of the Cysteine-Rich Carboxyl-Terminal Half of V Protein for Sendai Virus Pathogenesis","volume":"71","author":"Kato","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2006.03.009","article-title":"Sendai Virus, the Mouse Parainfluenza Type 1: A Longstanding Pathogen That Remains up-to-Date","volume":"82","author":"Desmecht","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4822","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.8.4822-4830.1993","article-title":"The Rule of Six, a Basic Feature for Efficient Replication of Sendai Virus Defective Interfering RNA","volume":"67","author":"Calain","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(84)90228-1","article-title":"Receptor Ganglioside Content of Three Hosts for Sendai Virus. MDBK, HeLa, and MDCK Cells","volume":"775","author":"Markwell","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(86)90199-6","article-title":"Expression of Gangliosides as Receptors at the Cell Surface Controls Infection of NCTC 2071 Cells by Sendai Virus","volume":"155","author":"Markwell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.426","article-title":"Sendai Virus Vectors as an Emerging Negative-Strand RNA Viral Vector System","volume":"5","author":"Bitzer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gene. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-018-9861-6","article-title":"An Insight into DNA-Free Reprogramming Approaches to Generate Integration-Free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Prospective Biomedical Applications","volume":"15","author":"Borgohain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.1464","article-title":"Functional Characterisation of the Genomic and Antigenomic Promoters of Sendai Virus","volume":"212","author":"Calain","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0435","article-title":"The Sendai Virus V Protein Interacts with the NP Protein to Regulate Viral Genome RNA Replication","volume":"222","author":"Horikami","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16057","DOI":"10.1038\/mtm.2016.57","article-title":"Sendai Virus, an RNA Virus with No Risk of Genomic Integration, Delivers CRISPR\/Cas9 for Efficient Gene Editing","volume":"3","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.13.2.298-304.1974","article-title":"Isolation and Characterization of Sendai Virus Temperature-Sensitive Mutants","volume":"13","author":"Portner","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.03.022","article-title":"Sendai Virus Defective-Interfering Genomes and the Activation of Interferon-Beta","volume":"351","author":"Strahle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(84)90137-5","article-title":"Complete Sequence of the Sendai Virus NP Gene from a Cloned Insert","volume":"135","author":"Morgan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0556","article-title":"Assembly of Sendai Virus: M Protein Interacts with F and HN Proteins and with the Cytoplasmic Tail and Transmembrane Domain of F Protein","volume":"276","author":"Ali","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11384","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.23.11384-11391.2001","article-title":"Role of Matrix and Fusion Proteins in Budding of Sendai Virus","volume":"75","author":"Takimoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9747","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.12.9747-9754.1998","article-title":"Cytoplasmic Domain of Sendai Virus HN Protein Contains a Specific Sequence Required for Its Incorporation into Virions","volume":"72","author":"Takimoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-009-0567-6","article-title":"Neuraminidase-Deficient Sendai Virus HN Mutants Provide Protection from Homologous Superinfection","volume":"155","author":"Baumann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4195","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06739.x","article-title":"Infectious Rabies Viruses from Cloned cDNA","volume":"13","author":"Schnell","year":"1994","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6087","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00299.x","article-title":"A Highly Recombinogenic System for the Recovery of Infectious Sendai Paramyxovirus from cDNA: Generation of a Novel Copy-Back Nondefective Interfering Virus","volume":"14","author":"Garcin","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302334","article-title":"A Defective Nontransmissible Recombinant Sendai Virus Mediates Efficient Gene Transfer to Airway Epithelium in Vivo","volume":"11","author":"Ferrari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-78-11-2813","article-title":"Creation of an Infectious Recombinant Sendai Virus Expressing the Firefly Luciferase Gene from the 3\u2019 Proximal First Locus","volume":"78","author":"Hasan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00207-5","article-title":"Large Quantity Production with Extreme Convenience of Human SDF-1alpha and SDF-1beta by a Sendai Virus Vector","volume":"425","author":"Moriya","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6564","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.14.6564-6569.2000","article-title":"A Cytoplasmic RNA Vector Derived from Nontransmissible Sendai Virus with Efficient Gene Transfer and Expression","volume":"74","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.6.3564","article-title":"Induction of Efficient Antitumor Immunity Using Dendritic Cells Activated by Recombinant Sendai Virus and Its Modulation by Exogenous IFN-\u03b2 Gene","volume":"177","author":"Shibata","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0460fje","article-title":"Recombinant Sendai Virus-Mediated Gene Transfer to Vasculature: A New Class of Efficient Gene Transfer Vector to the Vascular System","volume":"15","author":"Masaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.85.348","article-title":"Efficient Induction of Transgene-Free Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Vector Based on Sendai Virus, an RNA Virus That Does Not Integrate into the Host Genome","volume":"85","author":"Fusaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B Phys. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.07.022","article-title":"Codon Stabilization Analysis of the \u201c248\u201d Temperature Sensitive Mutation for Increased Phenotypic Stability of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Candidates","volume":"27","author":"Luongo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.07.012","article-title":"Optimization of Plasmid-Only Rescue of Highly Attenuated and Temperature-Sensitive Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine Candidates for Human Trials","volume":"153","author":"Kaur","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3238","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.5.3238-3246.2003","article-title":"Nontransmissible Virus-like Particle Formation by F-Deficient Sendai Virus Is Temperature Sensitive and Reduced by Mutations in M and HN Proteins","volume":"77","author":"Inoue","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6419","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.11.6419-6429.2003","article-title":"A New Sendai Virus Vector Deficient in the Matrix Gene Does Not Form Virus Particles and Shows Extensive Cell-to-Cell Spreading","volume":"77","author":"Inoue","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2174\/1874357901206010073","article-title":"Evaluation of Nucleocapsid and Phosphoprotein P Functionality as Critical Factors During the Early Phase of Paramyxoviral Infection","volume":"6","author":"Bossow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.938","article-title":"Naked Sendai Virus Vector Lacking All of the Envelope-Related Genes: Reduced Cytopathogenicity and Immunogenicity","volume":"8","author":"Yoshizaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gene Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-004-0224-3","article-title":"Mutations in Sendai Virus Variant F1-R That Correlate with Plaque Formation in the Absence of Trypsin","volume":"194","author":"Hou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)00960-6","article-title":"Accommodation of Foreign Genes into the Sendai Virus Genome: Sizes of Inserted Genes and Viral Replication","volume":"456","author":"Sakai","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Yoshiyuki, N. (2013). Reverse Genetics of Mononegavirales: The Rabies Virus Paradigm. Sendai Virus Vector: Advantages and Applications, Springer Nature. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.01.029","article-title":"Reverse Genetics of Mononegavirales: How They Work, New Vaccines, and New Cancer Therapeutics","volume":"479\u2013480","author":"Pfaller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00376-16","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00376-16","article-title":"Efficient and Robust Paramyxoviridae Reverse Genetics Systems","volume":"2","author":"Beaty","year":"2017","journal-title":"MSphere"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2005.18.255","article-title":"Recombinant Sendai Virus as a Novel Vaccine Candidate for Respiratory Syncytial Virus","volume":"18","author":"Takimoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2016.1114418","article-title":"Sendai Virus as a Backbone for Vaccines against RSV and Other Human Paramyxoviruses","volume":"15","author":"Russell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Pablo-Maiso, L., Echeverr\u00eda, I., Rius-Rocabert, S., Luj\u00e1n, L., Garcin, D., De Andr\u00e9s, D., Nistal-Vill\u00e1n, E., and Reina, R. (2020). Sendai Virus, a Strong Inducer of Anti-Lentiviral State in Ovine Cells. Vaccines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8020206"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/79463","article-title":"Efficient Gene Transfer to Airway Epithelium Using Recombinant Sendai Virus","volume":"18","author":"Yonemitsu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302677","article-title":"Effect of Tolerance Induction to Immunodominant T-Cell Epitopes of Sendai Virus on Gene Expression Following Repeat Administration to Lung","volume":"13","author":"Griesenbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90443-S","article-title":"Budding Site of Sendai Virus in Polarized Epithelial Cells Is One of the Determinants for Tropism and Pathogenicity in Mice","volume":"187","author":"Tashiro","year":"1992","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2002.1177","article-title":"Recombinant Sendai virus-mediated gene transfer into adult rat retinal tissue: Efficient gene transfer by brief exposure","volume":"75","author":"Ikeda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.1142","article-title":"Newly-Developed Sendai Virus Vector for Retinal Gene Transfer: Reduction of Innate Immune Response via Deletion of All Envelope-Related Genes","volume":"10","author":"Murakami","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gene Med."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.29.1728","article-title":"Sendai Virus-Mediated Gene Delivery into Hepatocytes via Isolated Hepatic Perfusion","volume":"29","author":"Fujita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2016.12.007","article-title":"Simple Derivation of Spinal Motor Neurons from ESCs\/IPSCs Using Sendai Virus Vectors","volume":"4","author":"Goto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301877","article-title":"Recombinant Sendai Virus Provides a Highly Efficient Gene Transfer into Human Cord Blood-Derived Hematopoietic Stem Cells","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14234","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103509108","article-title":"Efficient Generation of Transgene-Free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (IPSCs) by Temperature-Sensitive Sendai Virus Vectors","volume":"108","author":"Ban","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00569-18","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00569-18","article-title":"Efficient Delivery of Human Cytomegalovirus T Cell Antigens by Attenuated Sendai Virus Vectors","volume":"92","author":"Kiener","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17549","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M910004199","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of Cell Lines with a Defect in a Post-Adsorption Stage of Sendai Virus-Mediated Membrane Fusion","volume":"275","author":"Eguchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1416","article-title":"Sendai Virus, a Murine Parainfluenza Virus Type 1, Replicates to a Level Similar to Human PIV1 in the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract of African Green Monkeys and Chimpanzees","volume":"297","author":"Skiadopoulos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.11.046","article-title":"Sendai Virus-Based RSV Vaccine Protects African Green Monkeys from RSV Infection","volume":"30","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2012.01.017","article-title":"Induction of a Cross-Reactive Antibody Response to Influenza Virus M2 Antigen in Pigs by Using a Sendai Virus Vector","volume":"146","author":"Hikono","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.09.028","article-title":"Intranasal Sendai Viral Vector Vaccination Is More Immunogenic than Intramuscular under Pre-Existing Anti-Vector Antibodies","volume":"29","author":"Moriya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302991","article-title":"Sendai Virus-Mediated CFTR Gene Transfer to the Airway Epithelium","volume":"14","author":"Ferrari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.2174\/156652312802762518","article-title":"Development of Sendai Virus Vectors and Their Potential Applications in Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine","volume":"12","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(02)00047-3","article-title":"Recombinant Sendai Viruses Expressing Different Levels of a Foreign Reporter Gene","volume":"86","author":"Tokusumi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(90)90467-6","article-title":"Sendai Virus Gene Expression in Lytically and Persistently Infected Cells","volume":"177","author":"Homann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1987.48.12.1692","article-title":"Immunostimulation in Mice Infected with Sendai Virus","volume":"48","author":"Brownstein","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830121212","article-title":"Sendai Virus-Specific T Cell Clones II. Induction of Interferon Production by Sendai Virus-Specific T Helper Cell Clones","volume":"12","author":"Ertl","year":"1982","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4910","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.7.4910","article-title":"MDA5 Participates in the Detection of Paramyxovirus Infection and Is Essential for the Early Activation of Dendritic Cells in Response to Sendai Virus Defective Interfering Particles","volume":"180","author":"Yount","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00671-08","article-title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus Activates Innate Immunity through Toll-Like Receptor 2","volume":"83","author":"Murawski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363791","article-title":"IFNs Activate Toll-like Receptor Gene Expression in Viral Infections","volume":"2","author":"Miettinen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.05.003","article-title":"Host Innate Immune Receptors and Beyond: Making Sense of Microbial Infections","volume":"3","author":"Ishii","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.09.040","article-title":"Highly Immunostimulatory RNA Derived from a Sendai Virus Defective Viral Genome","volume":"31","author":"Cotter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11045","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01593-08","article-title":"Novel Characteristics of the Function and Induction of Murine P56 Family Proteins","volume":"82","author":"Fensterl","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3344","article-title":"The Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Functions of IFIT and IFITM Proteins","volume":"13","author":"Diamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600239","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201600239","article-title":"Global Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Profiles Host Protein Expression in Response to Sendai Virus Infection","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11534","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01727-15","article-title":"Virus Multiplicity of Infection Affects Type I Interferon Subtype Induction Profiles and Interferon-Stimulated Genes","volume":"89","author":"Zaritsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401867","article-title":"Mechanisms of Jak\/STAT Signaling in Immunity and Disease","volume":"194","author":"Villarino","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3708","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02133-10","article-title":"The IRF-3\/Bax-Mediated Apoptotic Pathway, Activated by Viral Cytoplasmic RNA and DNA, Inhibits Virus Replication","volume":"85","author":"Chattopadhyay","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3500","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02536-07","article-title":"IRF-3 Activation by Sendai Virus Infection Is Required for Cellular Apoptosis and Avoidance of Persistence","volume":"82","author":"Peters","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11718","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00798-10","article-title":"Cytopathogenesis of Sendai Virus in Well-Differentiated Primary Pediatric Bronchial Epithelial Cells","volume":"84","author":"Villenave","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.4.1319","article-title":"Delayed Clearance of Sendai Virus in Mice Lacking Class I MHC-Restricted CD8+ T Cells","volume":"149","author":"Hou","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6863","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.11.6863-6870.1994","article-title":"Analysis of the Primary T-Cell Response to Sendai Virus Infection in C57BL\/6 Mice: CD4+ T-Cell Recognition Is Directed Predominantly to the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Glycoprotein","volume":"68","author":"Cole","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2024.105412","article-title":"Replication-Deficient Sendai Virus Expressing Human Norovirus Capsid Protein Elicits Robust NoV-Specific Antibody and T-Cell Responses in Mice","volume":"27","author":"Samieipour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2007.07.005","article-title":"Recombinant Sendai Virus Induces T Cell Immunity against Respiratory Syncytial Virus That Is Protective in the Absence of Antibodies","volume":"247","author":"Voges","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Immunol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/gtc.12992","article-title":"Intranasal Sendai Virus-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Using a Mouse Model","volume":"28","author":"Morimoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes Cells"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Z., Gu, L., Li, C.L., Shu, T., Lowrie, D.B., and Fan, X.Y. (2018). The Profile of T Cell Responses in Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin-Primed Mice Boosted by a Novel Sendai Virus Vectored Anti-Tuberculosis Vaccine. Front. Immunol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01796"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9710","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.17.9710-9715.2003","article-title":"Protective Efficacy of an AIDS Vaccine, a Single DNA Priming Followed by a Single Booster with a Recombinant Replication-Defective Sendai Virus Vector, in a Macaque AIDS Model","volume":"77","author":"Takeda","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.12.017","article-title":"Induction of Gag-Specific T-Cell Responses by Therapeutic Immunization with a Gag-Expressing Sendai Virus Vector in Macaques Chronically Infected with Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus","volume":"23","author":"Kato","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.06.053","article-title":"Evaluation of a Novel Immunogenic Vaccine Platform Based on a Genome Replication-Deficient Sendai Vector","volume":"31","author":"Wiegand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040432","article-title":"Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte\u2013Based Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in a Preclinical AIDS Vaccine Trial","volume":"199","author":"Matano","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.07.016","article-title":"Immunogenicity of Repeated Sendai Viral Vector Vaccination in Macaques","volume":"14","author":"Kurihara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1779517","article-title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of an Intranasal Sendai Virus-Based Vaccine for Human Parainfluenza Virus Type I and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (SeVRSV) in Adults","volume":"17","author":"Bernstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-72-4-817","article-title":"Location of Amino Acid Residues Important for the Structure and Biological Function of the Haemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Glycoprotein of Sendai Virus by Analysis of Escape Mutants","volume":"72","author":"Lyn","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.7.6.15408","article-title":"Prevalence of Specific Neutralizing Antibodies against Sendai Virus in Populations from Different Geographic Areas: Implications for AIDS Vaccine Development Using Sendai Virus Vectors","volume":"7","author":"Hara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200306130-00015","article-title":"No Significant Enhancement of Protection by Tat-Expressing Sendai Viral Vector-Booster in a Macaque AIDS Model","volume":"17","author":"Matano","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9339","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01120-09","article-title":"Impact of Cytotoxic-T-Lymphocyte Memory Induction without Virus-Specific CD4+ T-Cell Help on Control of a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge in Rhesus Macaques","volume":"83","author":"Tsukamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02634-13","article-title":"Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication by Vaccine-Induced Gag- and Vif-Specific CD8+ T Cells","volume":"88","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.11.123","article-title":"Mucosal Immunity against Influenza Induced by Attenuated Recombinant Sendai Virus","volume":"10","author":"Imamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01241155","article-title":"Protection of Guinea-Pigs against Foot-and-Mouth Disease by Simultaneous Inoculation of Sendai Virus and Inactivated Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine","volume":"37","author":"Herniman","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch. Gesamte Virusforsch."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11891","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.23.11891-11896.2001","article-title":"Rapid Appearance of Secondary Immune Responses and Protection from Acute CD4 Depletion after a Highly Pathogenic Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge in Macaques Vaccinated with a DNA Prime\/Sendai Virus Vector Boost Regimen","volume":"75","author":"Matano","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.4.1949-1958.2006","article-title":"Involvement of Multiple Epitope-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses in Vaccine-Based Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in Rhesus Macaques","volume":"80","author":"Kawada","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10199","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01103-08","article-title":"Gag-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Based Control of Primary Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in a Vaccine Trial","volume":"82","author":"Kawada","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.09.074","article-title":"Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Replication-Competent V-Knocked-out and Replication-Defective F-Deleted Sendai Virus Vector-Based Vaccines in Macaques","volume":"26","author":"Takeda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakamura-Hoshi, M., Takahara, Y., Matsuoka, S., Ishii, H., Seki, S., Nomura, T., Yamamoto, H., Sakawaki, H., Miura, T., and Tokusumi, T. (2020). Therapeutic Vaccine-Mediated Gag-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Induction under Anti-Retroviral Therapy Augments Anti-Virus Efficacy of CD8+ Cells in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68267-w"},{"key":"ref_126","first-page":"255","article-title":"Nonhuman Primate Models in AIDS Research","volume":"8","author":"Evans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90097-I","article-title":"Importance of the Nef Gene for Maintenance of High Virus Loads and for Development of AIDS","volume":"65","author":"Kestier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199809010-00002","article-title":"Rhesus Macaques That Become Systemically Infected with Pathogenic SHIV 89.6-PD after Intravenous, Rectal, or Vaginal Inoculation and Fail to Make an Antiviral Antibody Response Rapidly Develop AIDS","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-72-8-1893","article-title":"Nucleotide Sequence of EV1, a British Isolate of Maedi-Visna Virus","volume":"72","author":"Sargan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/17\/5\/737\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:36:41Z","timestamp":1760031401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/17\/5\/737"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["v17050737"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v17050737","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]}}}