{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T03:05:00Z","timestamp":1793675100122,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Members of the family\u00a0Orthoherpesviridae employs two distinct transmission modes: free virion release and cell-to-cell transmission. The latter enables immune evasion through multiple mechanisms, facilitating infections in skin, mucosa, and neural tissues. This review synthesizes current knowledge on human herpesvirus cell-to-cell transmission mechanisms, including syncytium formation, tight junction exploitation, exosomal transfer, and tunneling nanotube utilization. We analyze how these strategies enhance infection efficiency, evade immune surveillance, and augment pathogenicity. Furthermore, we discuss recent intervention strategies targeting cell-to-cell transmission, including the development of monoclonal antibodies, antiviral drugs, and vaccines. These inights provide a theoretical foundation for developing novel approaches against human herpesvirus infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17060742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T10:24:45Z","timestamp":1747909485000},"page":"742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms of Cell-to-Cell Transmission in Human Herpesviruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Liyuan","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinan","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangbo","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weijiangbo Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute, Beijing 101111, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5076-3215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zejun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1960162","article-title":"Current vaccine approaches and emerging strategies against herpes simplex virus (HSV)","volume":"20","author":"Wijesinghe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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