{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T16:45:01Z","timestamp":1794242701814,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)","award":["IMSUI-DDRSP2501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMSUI-DDRSP2501"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monkeypox virus (Mpox virus) is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus that has gained increased global attention due to recent outbreaks. The current review reports the latest update of Mpox cases from 25 February 2022 to 29 April 2025. It also evaluates the possible major complications in human life caused by Mpox. In early 2022, more than 40 countries reported Mpox outbreaks. As of 12 June 2024, the global case count for the 2022\u20132023 Mpox outbreak was 97,281 confirmed cases, in 118 countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Mpox virus, a zoonotic disease, a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on 14 August 2024. Mpox symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain, and face-to-body rashes. The review also highlights Mpox virus replication, genomics, pathology, transmission, diagnosis, and antiviral therapies. The 2022 outbreak is also discussed in detail. The coinfection of HIV in patients infected with Mpox is also discussed. The evolving Mpox epidemiology has raised concerns about the disease\u2019s increasing spread in non-endemic countries, emphasizing the urgent need for control and prevention. The discussion on preventive measures, including vaccination, suggests that cross-protection against Mpox may be possible using orthopoxvirus-specific antibodies. Although there are no specific antiviral drugs available, certain drugs, such as tecovirimat, cidofovir, and ribavirin, are worth considering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17060753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T20:39:36Z","timestamp":1748205576000},"page":"753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Mpox 2022 to 2025 Update: A Comprehensive Review on Its Complications, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1645-9997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajesh","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1506-7836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anis Ahmad","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ujjwal","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8140-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saurabh","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarvesh","family":"Rustagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology, School of Agriculture, Maya Devi University, Dehradun 248011, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4464-5989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan Ahmed","family":"Rudayni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek Kumar","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Immunology and Microbiology, Medicine and Oncology Integrated Service Unit, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6296-0291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological and Bio-Computational Laboratory, Sharda School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India"},{"name":"DST-FIST Facility, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging and Forensic, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, May 20). 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