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An HIV vaccine is thought of as the most cost-effective biomedical intervention to eventually terminate the HIV epidemic, but it is not clinically available yet due to technical hurdles. However, beyond vaccination, increasing alternative and innovative biomedical interventions have been developed for the prevention and control of HIV infections. Herein, we discuss the challenges encountered in the innovation of biomedical interventions against HIV infections, and summarize the landscape and latest advances of these biomedical interventions to intercept the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission, aiming to provide valuable clues for exploring more out-of-the-box solutions to prevent HIV infections, thereby contributing to realizing the 2030 goal of ending the AIDS epidemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17060756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T03:30:19Z","timestamp":1748489419000},"page":"756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Biomedical Interventions for HIV Prevention and Control: Beyond Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafety, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafety, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjuan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafety, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8161-7576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huachun","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2000-7053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caijun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafety, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 514400, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Govindan, R., and Stephenson, K.E. 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