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Francis Fellowship Program","award":["AI062885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI062885"]}]},{"name":"American Lung Association","award":["KL2TR001441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR001441"]}]},{"name":"American Lung Association","award":["IHII NTT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IHII NTT"]}]},{"name":"American Lung Association","award":["CA-1040556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA-1040556"]}]},{"name":"American Lung Association","award":["AI176085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI176085"]}]},{"name":"American Lung Association","award":["AI062885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI062885"]}]},{"name":"NIH R21","award":["KL2TR001441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR001441"]}]},{"name":"NIH R21","award":["IHII NTT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IHII NTT"]}]},{"name":"NIH R21","award":["CA-1040556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA-1040556"]}]},{"name":"NIH R21","award":["AI176085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI176085"]}]},{"name":"NIH R21","award":["AI062885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI062885"]}]},{"name":"NIH P01","award":["KL2TR001441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR001441"]}]},{"name":"NIH P01","award":["IHII NTT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IHII NTT"]}]},{"name":"NIH P01","award":["CA-1040556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA-1040556"]}]},{"name":"NIH P01","award":["AI176085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI176085"]}]},{"name":"NIH P01","award":["AI062885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI062885"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory infections in children. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by airway epithelial cells, contain proteins and different families of non-coding RNAs (EV cargo) that can modulate the responses of target cells to viral infection. Nasal mucosa is a primary site of viral entry and the source of EVs present in the upper airway secretions. In this study we characterized proteins, including inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs) cargo of EVs isolated from pediatric human nose organoids (HNO) and nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) positive for RSV. Using Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) and Luminex multi-target arrays, we found significant enrichment in several chemokines and other mediators\/biomarkers, including CCL2, CCL20, CXCL5, CX3CL1, CXCL6, MMP-1, MMP-10, uPA, Flt3L, ARNT and CD40 in EVs secreted by RSV-infected HNO compared to control mock HNO. Analysis of NPS samples from RSV infected children revealed that CCL3, CCL20, CXCL8, uPA, VEGFA, were concentrated in the NPS-EV fraction. LC-MS\/MS and Gene Ontology indicated that RSV positive NPS-EVs originate from different cellular sources, with the most abundant proteins from neutrophils and epithelial cells. A total of 490 piRNAs were detected by NGS sequencing of small RNA libraries obtained from NPS-EVs, which has not been reported prior to this study. Identification of inflammatory mediators and small non-coding RNAs which are compartmentalized in EVs contributes to understanding mechanisms of virus-mediated pathogenesis in RSV infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17060764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T03:30:19Z","timestamp":1748489419000},"page":"764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Analysis of Proteins and Piwi-Interacting RNA Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Isolated from Human Nose Organoids and Nasopharyngeal Secretions of Children with RSV Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Corsello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Center for Lung Disease Inflammation and Remodeling (LUDIR), The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Dillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teodora","family":"Ivanciuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianshuang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Casola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Center for Lung Disease Inflammation and Remodeling (LUDIR), The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto P.","family":"Garofalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Center for Lung Disease Inflammation and Remodeling (LUDIR), The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000952","article-title":"The disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus in Infants","volume":"36","author":"Munro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. 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