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Individuals were screened for anti-HTLV-1\/2 using ELISA (Murex HTLV-I + II, DiaSorin). Reactive or indeterminate samples underwent confirmation via Western blot (HTLV Blot 2.4 kit, MP Diagnostics) and\/or RT-qPCR. A questionnaire examined behavioral and risk factors for HTLV-1\/2 infection. HTLV-positive individuals received counseling, nurse follow-up, and specialized medical care. Among the 228 individuals investigated, 6 (2.7%) were infected with HTLV-1: 4 men (66.67%) and 2 women (33.33%), aged 51\u201373 years. The only significant risk factor observed was blood transfusion. Additionally, 80 other individuals residing in the municipality of Ananindeua independently visited the laboratory for an HTLV-1\/2 diagnosis. Among them, 23 were diagnosed with HTLV-1 infection, and 1 with HTLV-2. Among the 30 positive individuals, 80% were asymptomatic, while 20% exhibited clinical manifestations associated with HTLV infection, including HAM and S\u00e9zary syndrome. These results indicate a notable prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in the municipality of Ananindeua emphasizing the significance of diagnosing the infection to assess its prevalence across the country accurately.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17060765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T03:30:19Z","timestamp":1748489419000},"page":"765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High Prevalence and Risk Factors for Infection with Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses 1 and 2 in the Municipality of Ananindeua, Par\u00e1, Northern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3661-7121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dara da Costa","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe Teixeira","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7825-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel dos Santos","family":"Pereira Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana Cristina Coelho Pantoja","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline Cecy Rocha","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9341-9350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Sarmento","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella Nogueira","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe Bonfim","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ishak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izaura Maria Vieira","family":"Cayres Vallinoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1135-6507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Carlos Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Vallinoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415","article-title":"Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from Fresh and Cultured Lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"77","author":"Poiesz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc. 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