{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:02:21Z","timestamp":1792738941506,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this report, we document and analyze a case in which the Irkut virus (IRKV) (Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae) caused a fatal human case following a bat bite in June 2021. Unfortunately, the available data did not permit a detailed taxonomic classification of the carrier bat (Chiroptera). The event occurred in the southwestern part of the Sikhote-Alin mountain region (Russian Far East) covered by the Ussuri taiga forest. The symptoms of the illness began with the following: fever; pronounced psychomotor and motor agitation; tremor of the lower jaw and tongue; aphasia; dyslexia; and dysphagia. These rapidly developed, leading to a severe and fatal encephalitis. The patient was not vaccinated for rabies and did not receive rabies immunoglobulin. Using brain sections prepared from the deceased, molecular diagnostics were performed: immunofluorescence (polyclonal anti-rabies immunoglobulin) indicating the presence of the lyssavirus antigen; and RT-PCR indicating traces of viral RNA. Sectional material (brain) was used for whole-genome sequencing, resulting in a near-complete sequence of the lyssavirus genome. The obtained genomic sequence was identified as the Irkut virus. A comparative analysis of the new sequence and other currently available IRKV sequences (NCBI) revealed differences. Specifically, amino acid differences between antigenic sites in the isolate and those of the rabies vaccine strain used regionally were noted. The patient history and subsequent analysis confirm human IRKV infection following bat contact. Like other fatal cases of IRKV infection described earlier, this case occurred in the southern part of the Russian Far East. Two have occurred in the southwestern part of the Sikhote-Alin mountain region. This indicates the possible existence of an active, natural viral focus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17060769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T04:46:38Z","timestamp":1748493998000},"page":"769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Genomic and Clinical Analysis of a Fatal Human Lyssavirus\u00a0irkut Case: Evidence for a Natural Focus in the Russian Far East"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5403-7357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Klyuchnikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6759-1907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Gladkikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Iunikhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeriya","family":"Sbarzaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Drobot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1268-311X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"Popova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Lyapun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Arbuzova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Galkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2086-7480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alena","family":"Sharova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Abramova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadezhda","family":"Tsyganova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Pugacheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7086-5825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Ramsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8217-5159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Poleshchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Omsk Research Institute of Natural Foci Infections, 644080 Omsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larisa","family":"Somova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9890-1031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria","family":"Tagakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Omsk Research Institute of Natural Foci Infections, 644080 Omsk, Russia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Prevention, Omsk State Medical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Pankratov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gennady","family":"Sidorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Omsk Research Institute of Natural Foci Infections, 644080 Omsk, Russia"},{"name":"Faculty of Natural Science Education, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolay","family":"Rudakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Dedkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"E. I. Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical, and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Shchelkanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia"},{"name":"Federal Scientific Center of East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Shchelkanov, M.Y., Tabakaeva, T.V., Lyubchenko, E.N., Korotkova, I.P., Shchelkanov, E.M., Pankratov, D.V., Dunaeva, M.N., Surovy, A.L., Kuznetsova, T.A., and Tsybulsky, A.V. (2021). Chiropterans: General Characteristics of the Order, FEFU. 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