{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:21:35Z","timestamp":1760059295399,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FINEP","award":["01.12.0450.00","01.09.0278-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.12.0450.00","01.09.0278-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Molecules from animals or plant species have been investigated with the aim of treating diseases of epidemiological importance, such as rabies, which is a viral, acute, and infectious disease with approximately 100% lethality. Rabies has been one of the main causes of death in humans concerning infectious diseases. This work investigated the action and preliminary mechanisms of the alkaloid bufotenine in an in vivo model with the rabies virus. A wild-type virus was titrated and injected into mice for the determination of DL50 in the presence or absence of bufotenine. The results reveal that bufotenine has possible action in modulating the immune response of the studied host, suggesting interference in delaying symptom manifestation. Regarding the histological analysis of the CNS of the animals, bufotenine possibly prevented the presence of mononuclear cell inflammatory infiltrate in the meninx\u2019s region compared to the positive control and possibly contributed to reducing neuronal degeneration. The use of the bufotenine extracted from the seed of white angico, a plant representative of Brazilian flora, contributed to antiviral activity with effects on the immunological aspects of the host infected by the rabies virus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17060808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T12:27:09Z","timestamp":1748867229000},"page":"808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Evaluation of the Anti-Rabies Effect of Bufotenine in Murine Rabies Models to Determine Its Mechanism of Action"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Mariano Cruz","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Toxinologia, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8470-9591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9a de C\u00e1ssia Rodrigues","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Rabies Diagnostic, Serology, Pasteur Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 01311-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen Miyuki","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Rabies Diagnostic, Serology, Pasteur Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 01311-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"da Costa Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7213-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Mozer","family":"Sciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Toxinologia, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, Bragan\u00e7a Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2406-0860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Carvalho","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Toxinologia, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution (LEEV), Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8197-2260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Vigerelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Toxinologia, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Organization) (2025, April 30). 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