{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T01:39:08Z","timestamp":1777081148485,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["18fk0410008h003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18fk0410008h003"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["22K08482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K08482"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan","award":["18fk0410008h003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18fk0410008h003"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan","award":["22K08482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K08482"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>AIDS-related malignant lymphomas (ARLs) are the lymphomas that develop in association with HIV infection. According to the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the life expectancy of People Living with HIV (PLWH) has markedly improved; however, approximately one-third of PLWH have passed away from the complications of malignancies, even in well-controlled PLWH. HIV itself is not tumorigenic, and most of these tumors are due to co-infection with oncogenic viruses. \u03b3-herpes viruses (Epstein\u2013Barr virus: EBV and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: KSHV) are the most significant risk factors for ARLs. Immunodeficiency, chronic inflammation, accelerated aging, and genetic instability caused by HIV infection, as well as HIV accessory molecules, are thought to promote lymphomagenesis. The prognosis of ARLs is comparable to that of non-HIV cases in the cART era. Intensive chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation is also available for relapsed\/refractory ARLs. Since the early stage of HIV infection has no symptoms, significant numbers of HIV-infected individuals have not noticed HIV infection until the onset of AIDS (so-called Ikinari AIDS). Since the ratio of these patients is more than 30% in Japan, hematologists should carefully consider the possibility of HIV infection in cases of lymphoma. Even in an era of cART, ARL remains a critical complication in PLWH, warranting continuous surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17070904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T07:55:43Z","timestamp":1751442943000},"page":"904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Current State of AIDS-Related Malignant Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3124-5206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiji","family":"Okada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shotaro","family":"Hagiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Tsukuba University Hospital Mito Clinical Education and Training Center, 3-2-7 Miya-Cho, Mito 310-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e495","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30125-X","article-title":"Cancer risk in HIV-infected people in the USA from 1996 to 2012: A population-based, registry-linkage study","volume":"4","author":"Shiels","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23487","article-title":"Cancer risk in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus in the United States","volume":"123","author":"Engels","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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