{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T15:51:38Z","timestamp":1793029898610,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["NIH U19 AI171954-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH U19 AI171954-01"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["NIH R35GM153718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R35GM153718"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite current vaccines and therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, cases remain high causing a burden on health care systems. Spike-protein mediated membrane fusion of SARS-CoV-2 is a critical step in viral entry. Herein, we describe entry inhibitors identified by first screening a library of about 160 compounds and then analogue synthesis. Specifically, compound 261 was found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in a tissue model with IC50 of 0.3 \u00b5M. Using NMR, we found that 261 interacts with key residues in the aromatic-rich region of the spike protein directly next to the transmembrane domain. Molecular dynamic simulations of the 261 binding pocket in the spike protein was also mapped to the transmembrane domain, consistent with NMR findings. The amino acids in the binding site are conserved among different coronaviruses known to infect humans; therefore, inhibitors targeting this conserved binding site could be a useful addition to current therapeutics and may have pan-coronavirus antiviral activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17070989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T14:13:43Z","timestamp":1752761623000},"page":"989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Entry Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Targeting the Transmembrane Domain of the Spike Protein"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0395-673X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin V.","family":"Lyles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2314-3437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priti","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"},{"name":"Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2502-5793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lila D.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janhavi","family":"Natekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit K.","family":"Varshnaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3645-5605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amany","family":"Elsharkawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0505-6851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongning","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3603-5099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubham","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"},{"name":"Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwafoyinsola O.","family":"Faniyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"},{"name":"Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijia","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"},{"name":"Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagaraju","family":"Mulpuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 35302, 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