{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:31:04Z","timestamp":1760059864812,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R56AI119159","ARS CRIS 2090-32000-045-00D","DE-SC0014664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56AI119159","ARS CRIS 2090-32000-045-00D","DE-SC0014664"]}]},{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture","award":["R56AI119159","ARS CRIS 2090-32000-045-00D","DE-SC0014664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56AI119159","ARS CRIS 2090-32000-045-00D","DE-SC0014664"]}]},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participation Program","award":["R56AI119159","ARS CRIS 2090-32000-045-00D","DE-SC0014664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56AI119159","ARS CRIS 2090-32000-045-00D","DE-SC0014664"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) causes the fatal veterinary disease malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). Fusion is an essential step in the host cell entry of enveloped viruses and is an important target for vaccine development. OvHV-2 cannot be propagated in vitro, so a robust virus-free cell\u2013cell membrane fusion assay is necessary to elucidate its entry mechanism. OvHV-2 cell\u2013cell fusion requires three conserved herpesviral envelope glycoproteins: gB, gH, and gL. OvHV-2 fusion activity is detectable but low. We hypothesize that enhancing the cell surface expression of gB, which is the core herpesviral fusogen, will increase cell\u2013cell fusion. We generated C-terminal truncation mutants of gB and determined their cell surface expression, subcellular distribution, and fusion activity. Two mutants, including one that lacked the entire cytoplasmic tail domain, failed to function in the cell\u2013cell fusion assay, despite wild-type levels of surface expression. This suggests that the OvHV-2 gB cytoplasmic tail is critical for fusion. A gB mutant truncated at amino acid 847 showed increased surface expression and fusion relative to the wild type. This suggests that the robust fusion activity of gB847 is the result of increased surface expression. gB847 may be used in place of wild-type gB in an improved, more robust OvHV-2 fusion assay.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17070994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T14:13:43Z","timestamp":1752761623000},"page":"994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Cytoplasmic Tail of Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Glycoprotein B Affects Cell Surface Expression and Is Required for Membrane Fusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Colleen M.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria K.","family":"Herndon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"McKenna A.","family":"Hull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3760-6757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela D.","family":"Mor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"},{"name":"Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine N.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8168-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina W.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"},{"name":"Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony V.","family":"Nicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985813520435","article-title":"The Pathology of Malignant Catarrhal Fever, With an Emphasis on Ovine Herpesvirus 2","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. 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