{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T02:15:09Z","timestamp":1787796909028,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project","award":["2022YFC2303803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2303803"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project","award":["82103901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103901"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project","award":["20250484770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250484770"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project","award":["L222119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L222119"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project","award":["SGWXH202307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGWXH202307"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["2022YFC2303803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2303803"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["82103901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103901"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["20250484770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250484770"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["L222119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L222119"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["SGWXH202307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGWXH202307"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Nova Program","award":["2022YFC2303803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2303803"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Nova Program","award":["82103901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103901"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Nova Program","award":["20250484770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250484770"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Nova Program","award":["L222119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L222119"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Nova Program","award":["SGWXH202307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGWXH202307"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["2022YFC2303803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2303803"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["82103901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103901"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["20250484770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250484770"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["L222119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L222119"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["SGWXH202307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGWXH202307"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Shandong Public Health Society","award":["2022YFC2303803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2303803"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Shandong Public Health Society","award":["82103901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103901"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Shandong Public Health Society","award":["20250484770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250484770"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Shandong Public Health Society","award":["L222119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L222119"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Shandong Public Health Society","award":["SGWXH202307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGWXH202307"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) pose a significant pandemic threat due to their cross-species transmission potential. However, AIV surveillance at the critical \u201cmigratory birds\u2013poultry-exposed population\u201d interface remains limited. Between 2021 and 2024, we implemented a prospective One Health surveillance program around Nansi Lake, monitoring AIVs in migratory birds, poultry, and environmental samples, as well as serological investigations against representative AIVs among migratory birds or poultry-exposed subjects. AIVs were detected in 2.1% (30\/1417) of migratory bird samples and 10.2% (100\/978) of poultry samples. Among these, we identified ten highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 subtype viruses, one HPAI H7N9 virus, and five low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 viruses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed evidence of frequent genomic reassortment events involving H5 subtype viruses among migratory birds, poultry, and humans. Serological investigation also suggested that both migratory birds and the poultry-exposed population had a higher risk of getting AIV infection than the general control population, especially against the H9N2 virus. Our study emphasizes the importance of strengthening continuous prospective surveillance of AIVs among migratory birds, poultry, and their exposed individuals to prevent and control potential outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17081117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T14:51:46Z","timestamp":1755183106000},"page":"1117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Avian Influenza Surveillance Among Migratory Birds, Poultry, and Humans Around Nansi Lake, China, 2021\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Min","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Mei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou 253016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang-Qian","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Guo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao-Jin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nansi Lake Nature Reserve, Jining 272100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-Yan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Bo","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Biao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou 253016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-Qiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou 253016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Jin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Long","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6329-5331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4981-1483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Qun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46383","DOI":"10.2196\/46383","article-title":"Reported Global Avian Influenza Detections Among Humans and Animals During 2013\u20132022: Comprehensive 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