{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T14:33:49Z","timestamp":1783521229807,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) significantly contributes to anogenital cancers, with elevated risks among people living with HIV (PWH), particularly men who have sex with men (MSM). This study assessed anal HPV prevalence and associated risk factors in PWH in Mexico, focusing on the role of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: A cross-sectional study at an HIV clinic in Mexico City (October 2023\u2013December 2024) enrolled 214 MSM with HIV. The participants completed a validated risk factor questionnaire and provided anal samples for real-time PCR testing of 28 HPV genotypes. Logistic regression analyzed associations between HPV infection, ART regimens, and clinical\/behavioral factors. Results: HPV prevalence was 89.3%, with HPV-16 (20.1%) being the most common high-risk genotype. Integrase inhibitor (INSTI) use was inversely associated with HPV-16 infection (OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.21\u20130.83; p = 0.011), while protease inhibitor use increased HPV-16 (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.09\u20134.29; p = 0.025) and HPV-6 risks. Higher CD4+ counts (\u2265500 cells\/mm3) and undetectable HIV viral load (&lt;40 copies\/mL) were protective against multiple HPV genotypes. Lower education and smoking increased HPV risk. Conclusions: This first Mexican study in the ART and HPV vaccination era highlights high anal HPV prevalence in PWH and suggests that INSTI-based regimens may reduce HPV-16 risk, informing ART selection for HPV prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17081147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T14:46:04Z","timestamp":1755787564000},"page":"1147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and Associated Factors for HPV in People Living with HIV: Are INSTIs Protective Against HPV-16? The GAIA Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital de Infectolog\u00eda \u201cLa Raza\u201d, National Medical Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda Clara","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine School, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9659-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Luz","family":"Cano-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital de Infectolog\u00eda \u201cLa Raza\u201d, National Medical Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3701-9894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Mata-Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital de Infectolog\u00eda \u201cLa Raza\u201d, National Medical Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ericka Nelly","family":"Pompa-Mera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit, Hospital de Infectolog\u00eda \u201cLa Raza\u201d, National Medical Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier Vicente","family":"Noyola-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology Department, Hospital de Infectolog\u00eda \u201cLa Raza\u201d, National Medical Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4175-025X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salma","family":"Triana-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital de Infectolog\u00eda \u201cLa Raza\u201d, National Medical Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0700-2081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola Edith","family":"Padilla-Noguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine School, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 54090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8480-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Chaparro-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital de Infectolog\u00eda \u201cLa Raza\u201d, National Medical Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f3crates Alberto","family":"Garc\u00eda-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Hospital de Especialidades \u201cDr. Antonio Fraga Mouret\u201d, \u201cLa Raza\u201d National Medical Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Barriga-Angulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Department, Hospital de Infectolog\u00eda \u201cLa Raza\u201d, National Medical Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1600-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas Enrique","family":"Gaytan-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital de Infectolog\u00eda \u201cLa Raza\u201d, National Medical Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30716","article-title":"Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type","volume":"141","author":"Plummer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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