{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T23:53:04Z","timestamp":1792540384640,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":277,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enteroviruses, a diverse genus within the Picornaviridae family, are responsible for a wide range of human infections, including hand, foot, and mouth disease, respiratory disease, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, and acute flaccid paralysis. Despite their substantial global health burden and the frequent emergence of outbreaks, no specific antiviral therapies are currently approved for clinical use against non-polio enteroviruses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of antiviral strategies targeting enteroviruses, including direct-acting antivirals such as capsid binders, protease inhibitors, and viral RNA polymerase inhibitors. We also examine the potential of host-targeting agents that interfere with virus\u2013host interactions essential for replication. Emerging strategies such as immunotherapeutic approaches, RNA interference, CRISPR-based antivirals, and peptide-based antivirals are also explored. Furthermore, we address key challenges, including viral diversity, drug resistance, and limitations in preclinical models. By highlighting recent advances and ongoing efforts in antiviral development, this review aims to guide future research and accelerate the discovery of effective therapies against enterovirus infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17091178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T15:03:14Z","timestamp":1756393394000},"page":"1178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Antiviral Strategies Targeting Enteroviruses: Current Advances and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9602-3671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle Felicia","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No.5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seng Kong","family":"Tham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALPS Global Holding Berhad, The ICON, East Wing Tower, No. 1, Jalan 1\/68F, Off Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 50400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8475-6291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chit Laa","family":"Poh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALPS Global Holding Berhad, The ICON, East Wing Tower, No. 1, Jalan 1\/68F, Off Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 50400, Malaysia"},{"name":"Nilai University, No. 1, Persiaran Universiti, Putra Nilai, Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai 17800, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0005-4","article-title":"The life cycle of non-polio enteroviruses and how to target it","volume":"16","author":"Baggen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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