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These vesicles play a pivotal role in bacterial survival by mitigating the effects of various environmental threats, including predation by bacteriophages. The secretion of extracellular vesicles represents a highly conserved evolutionary trait observed across all domains of life. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are generated by a wide variety of Gram (+), Gram (\u2212), and atypical bacteria, occurring under both natural and stress conditions, including phage infection. This review addresses the multifaceted role of BEVs in modulating bacteria\u2013phage interactions, considering the interplay from both bacterial and phage perspectives. We focus on the dual function of BEVs as both defensive agents that inhibit phage infection and as potential facilitators that may inadvertently enhance bacterial susceptibility to phages. Furthermore, we discuss how bacteriophages can influence BEV production, affecting both the quantity and molecular composition of vesicles. Finally, we provide an overview of the ecological relevance and efficacy of BEV\u2013phage interplay across diverse environments and microbial ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17091180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T09:08:52Z","timestamp":1756458532000},"page":"1180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Interplay Between Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and Phages: Receptors, Mechanisms, and Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Angelika","family":"Bo\u0142oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, University of Wroclaw, S. 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