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Monocytes play a central role in immune modulation and viral replication during infection. This study evaluated the clinical and immunological profiles of patients with laboratory-confirmed CF. Fever and joint pain were the most frequently reported symptoms, whereas edema was more common in women. CHIKV-infect individuals exhibited increased TLR4 expression in non-classical monocytes (CD14+CD16++). Additionally, intermediate (CD14+CD16+) and non-classical (CD14+CD16++) monocytes expressing TLR7 were enriched during the acute phase and in some chronic patients, thereby suggest prolonged TLR7 pathway activation. Levels of soluble CD163 (sCD163)\u2014a marker of monocyte\/macrophage activation\u2014were elevated as well, indicating sustained immune activation. Coagulation-related mediators\u2014including Tissue factor (TF) and Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)\u2014also increased, despite the rarity of hemorrhagic events or thrombocytopenia. Patients with arthritis demonstrated higher frequencies of TLR7+ intermediate monocytes and elevated Epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels, whereas those with edema exhibit increased Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Overall, these findings highlighted the differential activation of CD16+ monocytes and suggested that sCD163 is a marker of monocyte\/macrophage activation during CHIKV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17091224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T08:06:32Z","timestamp":1757318792000},"page":"1224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Monocyte Dynamics in Chikungunya Fever: Sustained Activation and Vascular-Coagulation Pathway Involvement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4984-1287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline Fernandes","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio das Intera\u00e7\u00f5es V\u00edrus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4841-9308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscila Conrado Guerra","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio das Intera\u00e7\u00f5es V\u00edrus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5554-3542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Edgar","family":"Fiestas-Solorzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio das Intera\u00e7\u00f5es V\u00edrus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3603-6921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Gandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1309-5366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia Barreto","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio das Intera\u00e7\u00f5es V\u00edrus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8471-4227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta Olmo","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Hansen\u00edase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Jose","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Doen\u00e7as Imuno-Infecciosas (CRDI), Faculdade de Medicina, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brasil Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28025-496, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Vieira","family":"Damasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Casa Rio Laranjeira, Rio de Janeiro 22240-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Geral, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UniRio), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luzia Maria","family":"de Oliveira Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio das Intera\u00e7\u00f5es V\u00edrus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elzinandes Leal","family":"de Azeredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio das Intera\u00e7\u00f5es V\u00edrus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760170044","article-title":"Chikungunya virus: Clinical aspects and treatment\u2014A Review","volume":"112","author":"Cunha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mem. 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