{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:44:47Z","timestamp":1760060687088,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zydus Lifesciences Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Typhoid fever, measles, and rubella continue to contribute significantly to childhood morbidity and mortality in India. In line with WHO recommendations for co-administration of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TCV) and measles\u2013rubella (MR) vaccine at 9 months of age, this phase IV, randomized, open-label, multicenter clinical trial was conducted to assess their immunological compatibility and safety when administered concomitantly. A total of 900 healthy Indian infants aged 9\u201310 months were randomized into three groups: Group A received TCV and MR vaccine concomitantly; Group B received MR on Day 0 and TCV on Day 28; Group C received TCV on Day 0 and MR on Day 28. Subjects were followed for 6 months after concomitant\/last vaccination. Seroconversion rates (SC) in Groups A\/B\/C at Day 28 were 90.2%\/75.3%\/89.5% for anti-Vi; 80.4%\/75.2%\/77.7% for anti-measles, and 87.7%\/84.0%\/85.2% for anti-rubella antibodies. By study end, SC for anti-Vi was 87.1%\/71.6%\/83.0%, while SC for anti-measles and anti-rubella reached ~90% and \u226598%, respectively, across all groups. Geometric mean titers increased significantly for all antigens, with no evidence of immunological interference. Safety assessments showed adverse events in 23.9%\/32.0%\/32.7% participants in Group A\/B\/C. Most adverse events were mild, and only one serious adverse event was reported. These findings support the co-administration of TCV and MR vaccine as a safe and effective strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17091237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T07:52:28Z","timestamp":1757663548000},"page":"1237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunogenicity and Safety Results of a Randomized, Three-Arm, Phase IV Clinical Trial of Concomitant Administration of Typhoid Vi Conjugate Vaccine with Measles and Rubella Vaccine in Healthy Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Songa Narayana","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Andhra Medical College and King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam 530002, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9129-3624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepali","family":"Ambike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, PCMC\u2019s PGI and Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Hospital, Pimpri-Chinchwad, Pune 411018, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0675-6904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahantesh","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, J N Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research,  Belagavi 590010, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay Vasant","family":"Mankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Mankar Hospital, Pune 411051, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8997-1801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nishant","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neeta","family":"Hanumante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College & Hospital, Pune 411043, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7120-691X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Sarangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar 751025, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0275-7723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monjori","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, Kolkata 700017, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Godatwar","family":"Preeti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad 500004, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhaskar Jedhe","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baramati Hospital Private Ltd., Baramati 413102, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Girish","family":"Nanoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Lata  Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur 440019, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Moonis Akbar","family":"Faridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Era\u2019s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow 22600, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0153-056X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavankumar","family":"Daultani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Product Development, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Ahmedabad 382481, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravindra","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Product Development, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Ahmedabad 382481, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kapil","family":"Maithal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Technology Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Ahmedabad 382481, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevinkumar","family":"Kansagra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical R&D, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Ahmedabad 382481, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9795-2360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deven V.","family":"Parmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical R&D, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Ahmedabad 382481, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Radhakrishnan","family":"Kunnathamman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine R&D, Vaccine Technology Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Ahmedabad 382481, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manickam","family":"Elaiyaraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Technology Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Ahmedabad 382481, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9643-9509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trayambak","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs\u2014BU Biologics, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Ahmedabad 382481, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5410-7020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manish","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs\u2014BU Biologics, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Ahmedabad 382481, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BU Biologics & Vaccines, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Ahmedabad 382481, 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Microbiol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1385834"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/17\/9\/1237\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:44:17Z","timestamp":1760035457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/17\/9\/1237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["v17091237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v17091237","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4915"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]}}}