{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:45:11Z","timestamp":1760060711225,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32260037","31920240125-01","BRC-KF202402","APP2027569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260037","31920240125-01","BRC-KF202402","APP2027569"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32260037","31920240125-01","BRC-KF202402","APP2027569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260037","31920240125-01","BRC-KF202402","APP2027569"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Funds of the Biomedical Research Center from Northwest Minzu University","award":["32260037","31920240125-01","BRC-KF202402","APP2027569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260037","31920240125-01","BRC-KF202402","APP2027569"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32260037","31920240125-01","BRC-KF202402","APP2027569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260037","31920240125-01","BRC-KF202402","APP2027569"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is an important zoonotic pathogen that infects many animals with mild symptoms. However, swine is the most receptive host and causes acute and lethal myocarditis and\/or encephalitis, and induces sudden death in piglets. There are currently no approved antivirals against EMCV. In recent years, antiviral therapies based on small interfering RNA (siRNA) have been rapidly developed as effective alternative therapies. In this study, we designed siRNAs targeting highly conserved regions in the EMCV genome coinciding with VP2 and 3C genes. We show that these siRNAs were non-immunostimulatory and significantly inhibited EMCV replication in vitro. The siRNAs were then complexed in liposomes before testing in a lethal EMCV mouse model in vivo. Both prophylactic and therapeutic intravenous delivery of siRNAs ameliorated viral infection in multiple organs and improved animal survival. This is the first demonstration of the use of a liposomal delivery platform to deliver highly conserved anti-EMCV siRNAs for EMCV antiviral therapy in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17091240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T07:56:51Z","timestamp":1757923011000},"page":"1240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An RNAi Therapy That Attenuates Multi-Organ Viremia and Improves Animal Survival in a Lethal EMCV Challenge Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4268-8069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingying","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenqing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4702, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9647-2827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruofei","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0562-1549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adi","family":"Idris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4702, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.20573","article-title":"The encephalomyocarditis virus","volume":"3","author":"Carocci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1504.081428","article-title":"Human febrile illness caused by encephalomyocarditis virus infection, Peru","volume":"15","author":"Oberste","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg. 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