{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:21:54Z","timestamp":1772158914415,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Heath","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IZSME 05\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IZSME 05\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Viral and chemical analyses were performed on 80 dead cats and 51 dead dogs from the Campania Region (Southern Italy), with the aim of evaluating in vivo the potential correlation between coronavirus (CoV) infections and levels of environmental pollutants such as dioxins and PCSs (PCDD\/F, DL-PCB and NDL-PCB). The overall viral prevalence was 16.3% in cats and 23.5% in dogs. Both feline coronavirus (FCoV) and canine coronavirus (CCoV) were identified, with variable detection rates in all the other organs investigated, supporting studies that provide evidence of systemic viral spread. The highest prevalence of coronaviruses (CoVs) was observed in Naples (19.2% for FCoV; 30.7% for CCoV) and Caserta (11.1% for FCoV; 50.0% for CCoV), areas that include municipalities with the highest Municipality Index of Environmental Pressure (MIEP) scores. Chemical analyses showed that DL-PCBs were present at more elevated concentrations in CoV-infected dogs and cats than in non-infected animals, whereas \u2211NDL-PCB and \u2211PCDD\/F were detected in greater amounts in non-infected subjects. Among PCDDs, the congener 2,3,7,8-TCDD displayed different distribution patterns between infected and non-infected animals. In cats, 70.0% of FCoV-positive individuals had 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels above the limit of quantification (LOQ), compared with 38.0% of FCoV-negative cats. In dogs, 78.0% of CCoV-infected animals exceeded the LOQ, compared with 20.0% of non-infected ones; this difference was statistically significant. The results of the study suggest that elevated levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD may be associated with CCoV infection and replication in dogs, suggesting a possible relationship between environmental pollution and susceptibility to coronavirus infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17091271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T12:33:32Z","timestamp":1758285212000},"page":"1271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Linking Pollution and Viral Risk: Detection of Dioxins and Coronaviruses in Cats and Dogs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4293-4155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Serra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3362-734X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Canzanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy"},{"name":"National Reference Center for the Analysis, and the Correlation Study Among Environment, Animals and Humans, Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Brandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0671-7091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Picazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Del Sorbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6351-6168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Miletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enza","family":"Ragosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6267-5925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Sannino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6658-7807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filomena","family":"Fiorito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0558-0185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy"},{"name":"National Reference Center for the Analysis, and the Correlation Study Among Environment, Animals and Humans, Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7883-1283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esterina","family":"De Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3139-7672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8663-7445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Amoroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ega\u00f1a-Marcos, E., Go\u00f1i-Balentziaga, O., and Azkona, G. 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