{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:26:47Z","timestamp":1772252807245,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32360881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32360881"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31960702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31960702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology","award":["202301AT070024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202301AT070024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rabies, a zoonotic infectious disease causing central nervous system inflammation, remains a threat to public health in regions with limited medical resources. Vaccination effectively reduces rabies incidence and mortality, underscoring the need for vaccines that are cost-effective, immunogenic, protective, and safe. This study constructed a recombinant rabies virus (rRABV)-overexpressing glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor ligand (GitrL), named rLBNSE-GitrL, using a reverse genetic operating system. rLBNSE-GitrL exhibited similar in vitro phenotypic characteristics and immune safety as the parent RABV (rLBNSE). This recombinant virus stimulated the production of a greater number of activated dendritic cells (DCs) compared to rLBNSE. The enhanced innate immune response induced by rLBNSE-GitrL may be mediated through the activation of innate immune-related signaling pathways, such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and chemokine signaling pathways, and the upregulation of a series of innate immune-related genes, including MMP2, IL-6, CXCL9, TIMP1, IL-17d, and TNF-\u03b1. Consequently, rLBNSE-GitrL elicited significantly higher levels of RABV vaccine-induced virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA), IgG, and IgM compared to rLBNSE as early as 3 days post-immunization (dpi), thereby improving the protective effect in mice. Collectively, the overexpression of GitrL facilitated the induction of early and potent antibody responses following RABV immunization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17101354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:54:31Z","timestamp":1760028871000},"page":"1354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Overexpression of GitrL in Recombinant Rabies Virus rLBNSE-GitrL Enhances Innate Immunity by Activating Dendritic Cells and Innate Immune-Related Pathways and Genes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yufang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"},{"name":"Dali Nursing Vocational College, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhimin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5495-9246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7732-9099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, D., Jin, R., Liu, J., Zhang, C., Duan, C., Luo, X., Yang, W., Liu, C., Liang, J., and Li, X. 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