{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:19:19Z","timestamp":1787678359217,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"INTA"},{"name":"RIST.I111"},{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Cooperadora INTA Balcarce"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen in cattle and causes considerable economic losses worldwide. In Argentina, where there is no national control program, BVDV remains endemic. In this retrospective study, the epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of postnatal BVDV-associated diseases in 50 outbreaks in central Argentina (1995\u20132024) were analyzed. Data were obtained from field reports, necropsies, and virological results (virus isolation, RT-nPCR, immunochromatography). No seasonal pattern was found. Acute infections (AIs) and mucosal disease (MD) occurred with similar frequency. Clinical signs included salivation, weakness, emaciation and diarrhea. The lesions were widespread and involved the gastrointestinal tract, skin, lymphoid tissues and spleen. Although MD cases has more extensive tissue involvement, no significant differences in morbidity, mortality or distribution of lesions were observed between AIs and MD. BVDV-1b was the most frequently detected subtype. These results highlight the challenges of BVDV control in extensive production systems. Strengthening diagnostic surveillance, implementing targeted vaccination and eliminating persistently infected animals are essential to reduce BVDV impact in endemic regions such as Argentina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17101359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T08:10:31Z","timestamp":1760343031000},"page":"1359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Retrospective Analysis of 50 Postnatal BVDV Outbreaks in Cattle from Central Argentina: Clinical, Pathological, and Epidemiological Insights"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2239-5966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emiliano","family":"Sosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Innovaci\u00f3n para la Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1205-9192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelina","family":"Miqueo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce 7620, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Rustichelli Mill\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Innovaci\u00f3n para la Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5298-8167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximiliano","family":"Spetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Innovaci\u00f3n para la Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3691-9890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Louge Uriarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Innovaci\u00f3n para la Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Livio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Innovaci\u00f3n para la Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Pachiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Innovaci\u00f3n para la Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8047-6724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Agust\u00edn","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Innovaci\u00f3n para la Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3978-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Morrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Innovaci\u00f3n para la Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3506-1739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisol","family":"Yavorsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Innovaci\u00f3n para la Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3317-7331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Elizabeth","family":"Verna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Innovaci\u00f3n para la Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7193-0262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Altamiranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Innovaci\u00f3n para la Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce 7620, 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