{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T08:30:22Z","timestamp":1769848222311,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cytokines participate in regulating the immune response of lymphocytes. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is the main modulator of T lymphocyte development, homeostasis, and function, whereas interleukin 7 (IL-7) regulates the development and homeostasis of immune cells and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of memory cells. The study aims to assess the blood IL-2 and IL-7 concentration in relation to the obtained cellular and humoral response in adults, six months after vaccination against COVID-19. Methods: We measured the concentration of IL-2 and IL-7 with ELISA, CoV2-IgG with an indirect chemiluminescence test, and the levels of IFN-\u03b3 with interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) post SARS-CoV-2 antigen stimulation. The study group (n = 76; F = 66, M = 10) was divided into 41 individuals, who did not report any chronic disorder (ChrD-Neg), and 35, who did (ChrD-Pos). Results: ChrD-Pos group presented higher IL-7 compared to ChrD-Neg (p = 0.023). Negative correlations were observed in the entire study population between IL-2 and age (R = \u22120.252, p = 0.028), as well as between IL-7 and IFN-\u03b3 (R = \u22120.295, p = 0.010). We found a positive correlation between IL-2 and IL-7 concentrations in the entire study population (R = 0.305, p = 0.007) and the ChrD-Pos group (R = 0.358, p = 0.035), and people with a positive IGRA result (R = 0.359, p = 0.005). Conclusions: The interaction of IL-2 and IL-7 may be important for achieving post-vaccination immunity, especially in adults with chronic diseases. Age is a factor modifying the post-vaccination response (decreased IL-2), whereas IL-7 may be an important factor in achieving a satisfactory post-vaccine response in people with chronic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17111416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:53:25Z","timestamp":1761296005000},"page":"1416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["IL-2 and IL-7 Contribution to Immune Response: Effects of Vaccination Against COVID-19 in Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1550-2794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Siedlecka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4791-9175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"Bielawska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4405-8266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Ludziejewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9215-0799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Baszczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4101-7656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Wysocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.03.005","article-title":"COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses","volume":"24","author":"Shereen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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