{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:29:08Z","timestamp":1787063348411,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU funding within the Next-Generation EU-MUR PNRR Extended Partnership Initiative on Emerging Infectious Diseases","award":["PE00000007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000007"]}]},{"name":"EU funding within the Next-Generation EU-MUR PNRR Extended Partnership Initiative on Emerging Infectious Diseases","award":["INF-ACT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INF-ACT"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health with \u201cCurrent Research funds\u201d"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018738","name":"ANIA foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human adenoviruses (HAdV) comprise more than 100 genotypes with species-specific differences in tropism and immune response and can cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to characterise the HAdV species involved in pediatric infections to assess their clinical impact and guide future therapeutic strategies based on AdV-specific T-cell responses. Between January and October 2024, 595 pediatric HAdV diagnoses were made at the Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital (Rome), and whole-genome sequencing was performed on 60 samples. Most patients (91.7%) were hospitalised, including both immunocompetent (75%) and immunocompromised (25%) children. Gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms were more common in immunocompetent patients, whereas immunocompromised patients experienced longer hospitalisations and persistent viral infections. Species F (F41) was most prevalent (63.3%), especially among immunocompetent patients, while species C and A predominated in immunocompromised children, with species A associated with severe disease. Viral loads were significantly higher for species F than for species A and C, independent of immune status. Co-infections were frequent (63.3%), with species C particularly linked to them. In conclusion, HAdV distribution differed by immune status, with species F predominating in immunocompetent children and species C and A more common in immunocompromised patients. Whole-genome sequencing may enhance surveillance, enable earlier diagnosis, and support the development of genotype-specific immunotherapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17111480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T17:51:43Z","timestamp":1762451503000},"page":"1480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Whole-Genome Sequencing of Adenovirus Genotypes and Clinical Implications in Pediatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lorena","family":"Forqu\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4552-8461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal 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Chiara","family":"Di Maio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Fini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4782-8158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Linardos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4933-4242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luana","family":"Coltella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9578-7429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Ranno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6178-5460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9120-0424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Villani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo Federico","family":"Perno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5618-1523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luna","family":"Colagrossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Diagnostic 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