{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:10:08Z","timestamp":1785435008483,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica poses a major threat to global public health, underscoring the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Bacteriophages represent a promising alternative due to their high specificity and potent ability to lyse MDR strains. (2) Methods: In this study, we isolated a novel MDR Salmonella Enteritidis-targeting bacteriophage from Lebanese sewage and characterized its host range, thermal and pH stability, and infection dynamics. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using Illumina technology to determine its genetic features and taxonomic classification. (3) Results: the bacteriophage was classified within the genus Jerseyvirus and the class Caudoviricetes with a 43 kb dsDNA genome encoding 66 open reading frames (ORFs). It demonstrated remarkable thermal stability, retaining infectivity after prolonged incubation at 65 \u00b0C, and showed a broad host range. The phage formed large, clear plaques, displayed rapid adsorption (&gt;97% within 3 min), a short latent period (20 min), and a burst size of ~32 PFU per cell. Genome analysis revealed no lysogeny, virulence, or resistance genes, confirming its strictly lytic nature and supporting its potential use as a biocontrol agent. (4) Conclusions: These findings identify SA01 as a novel, strictly lytic, and thermally stable bacteriophage with strong potential as a biocontrol agent against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis. Its broad host range suggests potential activity also against other Salmonella enterica serovars, supporting its applicability in food safety and biotechnology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17111518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T12:55:31Z","timestamp":1763556931000},"page":"1518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Thermostable Bacteriophage Targeting Multi-Drug-Resistant Salmonella Enteritidis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0229-6943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salman A.","family":"Almashtoub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel H.","family":"Fares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tasnime A.","family":"Abdo Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Barada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Turk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayana","family":"Shoukair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghassan M.","family":"Matar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon"},{"name":"Center of Infectious Diseases Research CIDR, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1525-6394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esber S.","family":"Saba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon"},{"name":"Center of Infectious Diseases Research CIDR, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb.7100007","article-title":"The host and disease: A brief review","volume":"85","author":"Coburn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol. 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