{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T19:57:29Z","timestamp":1785527849066,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza B viruses (IBV) belong to the family of Orthomyxoviridae and circulate annually in humans causing respiratory illness. Although they are considered an exclusively human pathogen, there is evidence of IBV infections in animals, including wildlife, companion animals and livestock. In addition, metagenomic studies have identified novel orthomyxoviruses in amphibians and fish that appear related to IBV, suggesting influenza viruses, including IBV, have been associated with vertebrates across their evolutionary history. In this review, we summarise our current knowledge of potential IBV and IBV-like infections in animals. These collectively suggest that the ecology of IBV extends beyond humans and warrants further investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17121528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T11:04:31Z","timestamp":1763723071000},"page":"1528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mounting Evidence for an Expanded Host Range of Influenza B Viruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9994-9723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marios","family":"Koutsakos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9238-1952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhys H.","family":"Parry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Wille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a038489","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a038489","article-title":"The Ecology and Evolution of Influenza Viruses","volume":"10","author":"Wille","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. 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