{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:19:09Z","timestamp":1788175149137,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017638","name":"Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K-27-FCP\/66-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K-27-FCP\/66-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017638","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Novosibirsk State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FSUS-2025-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSUS-2025-0012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-15-2025-519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2025-519"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Identifying population groups at greatest risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is essential for targeting screening and treatment. We analyzed the seroprevalence of antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) and HCV RNA in serum samples from 37,291 conditionally healthy volunteers collected between 2018 and 2022, and from 4764 individuals sampled in 2008, totaling 42,055 participants. In 2018\u20132022, anti-HCV prevalence varied by region, ranging from 1.1 to 1.4% in Belgorod, Moscow, and St. Petersburg to 1.8\u20132.1% in Dagestan, Tatarstan, Novosibirsk, Tyva, and southern Yakutia, and reaching 3.4\u20135.2% in Khabarovsk and the Arctic zone of Yakutia. In 2008, prevalence in Moscow, Rostov, Sverdlovsk, Tyva, and Yakutia ranged from 1.7% to 3.3%. A significant decline over time was observed: from a mean of 2.6 \u00b1 0.5% in 2008 to 1.9 \u00b1 0.1% in 2018\u20132022 (p &lt; 0.01). In recent years, men were more frequently anti-HCV-positive than women (2.5 \u00b1 0.2% vs. 1.5 \u00b1 0.2%, p &lt; 0.01), whereas no sex differences were noted in 2008. The age of a sharp prevalence increase shifted from the 20\u201329 cohort in 2008 to the 30\u201339 cohort in 2018\u20132022. Based on the demographic structure, we estimate ~3.23 million anti-HCV carriers in Russia. HCV RNA was detectable in only one-third of seropositive individuals, identifying them as candidates for antiviral therapy. Thus, in contemporary Russia, men aged over 30 years have the highest risk of HCV infection and should be prioritized for targeted screening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17121529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T14:17:23Z","timestamp":1763734643000},"page":"1529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Regional, Age, and Sex Patterns of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Russia: Insights from a 42,000-Participant Serosurvey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2296-6151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor A.","family":"Manuylov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Bionanotechnology, Microbiology and Virology, Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9397-3762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir A.","family":"Gushchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics and Postgenomic Technologies, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6303-9293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir P.","family":"Chulanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, 127473 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Center for Precision Genetic Technologies for Medicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2656-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga V.","family":"Isaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 125993 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9422-7238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis A.","family":"Kleymenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1107-9351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei A.","family":"Pochtovyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics and Postgenomic Technologies, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0701-5152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena P.","family":"Mazunina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2269-1469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeniia N.","family":"Bykonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6370-779X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina N.","family":"Tragira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5033-6931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yana V.","family":"Simakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7786-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey V.","family":"Netesov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bionanotechnology, Microbiology and Virology, Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3262-4873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artem P.","family":"Tkachuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, 127473 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6686-9011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatyana A.","family":"Semenenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1769-5059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Gintsburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Infectiology and Virology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3599-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen K.","family":"Kyuregyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 125993 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6636-6801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail I.","family":"Mikhailov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2575","article-title":"Oral direct-acting agent therapy for hepatitis C virus infection: A systematic review","volume":"166","author":"Nelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. 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