{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T13:17:21Z","timestamp":1764595041439,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health","award":["5U01TW012229-03","U2RTW012239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U01TW012229-03","U2RTW012239"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mongolia is unique for its cold climate, its large populations of free-roaming livestock, its dense populations of people living in often crowded cities with high air pollution, and its subsequent elevated respiratory virus morbidity among its people and animals. In this narrative review, we examine what is known about this respiratory virus morbidity in Mongolia, organized through the lens of six respiratory virus families: Orthomyxoviridae, Coronaviridae, Pneumoviridae, Adenoviridae, Paramyxoviridae and Picornaviridae. We do so by summarizing published reports regarding respiratory virus morbidity affecting humans or animals in Mongolia. Reports were gathered through a comprehensive review of documents in English language that included peer-reviewed scientific publications, and summary reports from publicly available international health and development organizations. Our review describes the epidemiology and characteristics of specific viruses from these families, describes their transmission and health impacts, and highlights areas where further research and more public health or veterinary health interventions are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17121557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T13:03:02Z","timestamp":1764594182000},"page":"1557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Highly Interrelated Morbidity Respiratory Viruses Cause Among Humans and Animals in Mongolia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Maralmaa","family":"Enkhbat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Mongolian Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulziikhutag","family":"Batzorig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Mongolian Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nyamaakhuu","family":"Dashdondog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Mongolian Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia M.","family":"Trujillo-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6999-9367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davaalkham","family":"Dambadarjaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mongolian Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4628-5908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory C.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Mongolian Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00176-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990\u20132021: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"24","author":"Bender","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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